成人高考高起点英语虚拟语气误用辨析
1.中文:我要是你,我不会那么做。
(误)Ishouldn’tdothatifIwasyou.
(正)Ishouldn’tdothatifIwereyou.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气不能用was,只能用were.)
2.中文:要是我父亲现在在这里,他会告诉我该做什么。
(误)Ifmyfatherwereherenow,hewilltellmewhattodo.
(正)Ifmyfatherwereherenow,hewouldtellmewhattodo.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气中,主句的助动词只能用would,might等过去时。)
3.中文:要是我知道她的电话号码,我就会给她打电话了。
(误)IfIknewhertelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledher.
(正)IfIhadknownhertelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledher.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词要用过去完成时。)
4.中文:要是昨天没下雨她也许会来。
(误)Ifithadnotrainedyesterday,hemightcome.
(正)Ifithadnotrainedyesterday,hemighthavecome.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中,主句的动词要用助动词的过去时might,could等+HAVE+过去分词。)
5.中文:我不认为我会失败,但要是我失败了,我会再努力。
(误)Idon’tthinkthatIshallfail.ButifIfailed,Iwouldtryagain.
(正)Idon’tthinkthatIshallfail.ButifIshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.(表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词用should加原形动词。)
6.中文:他要是带了钱就会买它。
(误)Didhebringsomemoneywithhim,hewouldhaveboughtit.
(正)Hadhebroughtsomemoneywithhim,hewouldhaveboughtit.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词要用过去完成时,若省略if,则用倒装形式。)
7.中文:她要是个男人可能会当选总统。
(误)Besheaman,shemightbeelectedpresident.
(正)Weresheaman,shemightbeelectedpresident.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,不能用was,只能用were;若省略if,则将were放在句首。)
8.中文:我提议提高教师的薪资。
(误)Isuggestedthattheteachers’wagescouldbeincreased.
(正)Isuggestedthattheteachers’wagesshouldbeincreased.(suggest当建议讲时,后面的名词从句的主要动词要用should加原形动词,should可以省略。)
9.中文:他这么做是重要的。
(误)Itisimportantthathewilldoit.
(正)Itisimportantthathedoit.(Itisimportant+that引导的名词从句的动词要用should加原形动词,should可以省略。)
(误)Ishouldn’tdothatifIwasyou.
(正)Ishouldn’tdothatifIwereyou.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气不能用was,只能用were.)
2.中文:要是我父亲现在在这里,他会告诉我该做什么。
(误)Ifmyfatherwereherenow,hewilltellmewhattodo.
(正)Ifmyfatherwereherenow,hewouldtellmewhattodo.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气中,主句的助动词只能用would,might等过去时。)
3.中文:要是我知道她的电话号码,我就会给她打电话了。
(误)IfIknewhertelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledher.
(正)IfIhadknownhertelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledher.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词要用过去完成时。)
4.中文:要是昨天没下雨她也许会来。
(误)Ifithadnotrainedyesterday,hemightcome.
(正)Ifithadnotrainedyesterday,hemighthavecome.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中,主句的动词要用助动词的过去时might,could等+HAVE+过去分词。)
5.中文:我不认为我会失败,但要是我失败了,我会再努力。
(误)Idon’tthinkthatIshallfail.ButifIfailed,Iwouldtryagain.
(正)Idon’tthinkthatIshallfail.ButifIshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.(表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词用should加原形动词。)
6.中文:他要是带了钱就会买它。
(误)Didhebringsomemoneywithhim,hewouldhaveboughtit.
(正)Hadhebroughtsomemoneywithhim,hewouldhaveboughtit.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词要用过去完成时,若省略if,则用倒装形式。)
7.中文:她要是个男人可能会当选总统。
(误)Besheaman,shemightbeelectedpresident.
(正)Weresheaman,shemightbeelectedpresident.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,不能用was,只能用were;若省略if,则将were放在句首。)
8.中文:我提议提高教师的薪资。
(误)Isuggestedthattheteachers’wagescouldbeincreased.
(正)Isuggestedthattheteachers’wagesshouldbeincreased.(suggest当建议讲时,后面的名词从句的主要动词要用should加原形动词,should可以省略。)
9.中文:他这么做是重要的。
(误)Itisimportantthathewilldoit.
(正)Itisimportantthathedoit.(Itisimportant+that引导的名词从句的动词要用should加原形动词,should可以省略。)