单项选择题
1、
根据以上材料，回答问题。





2、阅读短文，回答  题：
C
One of the greatest killers in the Western world is heart disease. The death rate (率) from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years. Medical experts know that people can reduce their chances of getting heart disease by exercising regularly, by not smoking，by changing their diets, and by paying more attention to reducing stress (压力) in their work.
However, Western health-care systems are still not paying enough attention to the prevention of the disease. There is a need for more programs to educate the public about the causes and prevention of heart disease. Instead of supporting such programs，however，the U. S. health-care system is spending large sums of money on the surgical (外科的) treatment of the disease after it develops. This emphasis (强调) on treatment clearly has something to do with the technological advances that have taken in the past ten to fifteen years. In this time, modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques. Many operation that were considered impossible or too risky (有风险的) a few years ago are now performed every day in U. S. hospitals. The result has been a huge increase in heart surgery.
Although there is no doubt that heart surgery can help a large number of people, some people point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages.
First, it attracts interest and money away from the question of prevention. Second, it causes the costs of general hospital care to rise. After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery, they must try to recover the money they have spent. To do this, they raise costs for all their patients, not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment. The third disadvantage is that doctors are encouraged to perform surgery--even on patients for whom an operation is unnecessary--because the equipment and expert skills are there. A government official recently stated that major heart surgery was often performed even though its chances of success were low. In one type of heart surgery，for example ,only 15 percent of patients improved their conditions after the surgery. However, more than 100,000 of these operations are performed in the United States every year.
What effect has modern technology had on medicine?



3、Modem statesmen are often faced with the same problems the defeated ancient
Romans．



4、阅读下列短文，然后根据短文的内容从每小题的四个选择项中选出的一项。
阅读短文，回答题：

The housewives who went to the supermarket were__________．



填空题
5、

6、阅读下面文言文，完成题。
桓公问于管子日：“楚者，山东之强国也，其人民习战斗之道 举兵伐之，恐力不能过。
兵弊于楚，功不成于周，为之奈何?”管子对日：“即以战斗之道与之矣。”公日：“何谓也?”管子对曰：“公贵买其鹿。”桓公即为百里之城，使人之楚买生鹿。楚生鹿当一而八万。管子即令桓公与民通轻重①，藏谷什之六②。令左司马伯公将白徒③而铸钱于庄山。令中大夫五邑载钱二千万，求生鹿于楚。楚王闻之，告其相日：“彼金钱，人之所重也，国之所以存，明主之所以赏有功。禽兽者群害也，明王之所弃逐也。今齐以其重宝贵买吾群害，则是楚之福也，天且以齐私楚也。子告吾民急求生鹿，以尽齐之宝。”楚民即释其耕捉而田鹿。管子告楚之贾人日：“子为我致生鹿二十，赐予金百斤。什至而金千斤也。”则是楚不赋于民而财用足也。楚之男子居外，女子居涂。隰朋教民藏粟五倍。楚以生鹿藏钱五倍。管子日：“楚可下矣。”公日：“奈何?”管子对日：“楚钱五倍，其君且自得而修谷。钱五倍，是楚强也。”桓公日：“诺。”因令闭关，不与楚通使。楚王果自得而修谷。谷不可三月而得也，楚籴四百。齐因令人载粟处芊④之南，楚人降齐者十分之四。三年而楚服。(选自《管子·轻重戊》)
【注】①通轻重：这里指做买卖。②什之六：十分之六。③白徒：民佚。④芊：这里指齐楚交界的地方
用现代汉语写出文中画线文字的大意。(5分)
___________________________________________________________

7、

8、 同室四人各写一张贺年卡，先集中起来，然后每人从中拿一张别人送出的贺年卡，则四张贺年卡不同的分配方式有__________种．


简答题
9、下面这首词是苏轼被贬黄州时所作，回答题。
定风波
苏轼
莫听穿林打叶声，何妨吟啸且徐行。竹杖芒鞋轻胜马。谁怕?一蓑烟雨任平生。 料峭春风吹酒醒，微冷。山头斜照却相迎。回首向来萧瑟处。归去，也无风雨也无睛。
体现全词中心思想的是哪一句?


10、

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