单项选择题
1、回答题
    Thousands of years 21 humans began the process of domesticating the dog and shaping what "being a dog" really means, Through careful selection and breeding, an astonishing variety of dog breeds 22been created．Desirable traits have been selected for in various breeds that are of a benefit23humans．There are some traits, however, that quickly become undesirable when expressed too frequently．Barking is a(an) 24 of a natural behavior that is encouraged in terms of guarding behavior, but becomes a problem when the behavior is produced in excess．A recent health insurance investigation revealed 25the sound of a continually barking dog was cited as the most disruptive and stress inducing 26 for humans．Barking, in  addition  to  whining,  howling  and  growling,  is  a  dog's27means  of communication．Barking is characterized by a series of short, sharp sounds, that tend to vary 28in tone or pitch．A dog's bark29signify territorial protection, exertion of dominance,  or expression of some need.30 , barking is "a means of communication triggered by a state of excitement．" Being a natural trait, barking is not considered a behavioral problem,31it is produced in excess．The key to solving the problem of excess barking in your dog begins with an understanding of what is causing 32behavior．Once you have determined a cause,33have a greater chance of　choosing the most effective solution (e．g．, more exercise) or behavioral modification．Modifying such an instinctive and natural behavior34barking can be difficult, and may require considerable　patience, time, and hard work.35 , however, are possible, and worth the effort．

A．since
B．before
C．ago
D．later


2、
This is one of the most beautiful pictures of scenery that ________displayed here．
A．is
B．are
C．has been
D．have been


3、 回答题
    American Blacks experienced a revolution after 1945, a revolution in expectations．  Following World War Ⅱ , the steady movement toward first-class citizenship for Black people quickened, with significant actions taking place in courts of law, in voting booths, in restaurants and in the streets of the nation．
    A decade of intense civil rights activity was launched in 1954 when the United States Supreme Court declared segregated schools to be unconstitutional．  In 1955, Dr．  Martin Luther King, Jr． , effectively organized the Blacks of Atlanta, Georgia, in a bus boycott． The boycott lasted two years, and when it was over, Blacks no longer were degraded by being forced to sit or stand in the rear of buses．
    In 1960, a group of Black college students decided that they, as well as white persons, had the right to eat at a lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina．  This sit-in sparked an aggressive national movement and, in the next few years, thousands of young men and women--Black and White, North and South--overturned local laws and customs that had maintained segregation． Sit-ins, pray-ins, freedom rides, freedom marches and demonstrations to open all schools to Black children took place across the nation．

Several important actions took place to change the status of black people
A．after World War Ⅱ
B．in 1954
C．before 1945
D．in 1960


4、 （　　）．
A．单调增加且为凹
B．单调增加且为凸
C．单调减少且为凹
D．单调减少且为凸


5、 依据人民法院的司法解释，相互有继承关系的几个人在同一事件中死亡，如不能确定死亡先后时间的，应（　　）。
A．一律推定同时死亡，彼此不发生继承
B．首先推定没有继承人的人先死亡
C．推定岁数较大的人先死亡
D．推定身体虚弱的人先死亡


6、在课堂教学中，教师让学生观察实物或模型，或者向学生做示范性实验，以使学生获得有关感性知识的方法叫做（　　）。
A．实验法
B．参观法
C．演示法
D．练习法


填空题
7、


简答题
8、 简述生态因子对生物生长的作用规律。


9、和谐社会是没有矛盾和冲突的社会。

10、

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