词汇部分

词汇是听、说、读、写等语言技能的基础和根本，在考试中，对词汇的测试实际贯穿在听力、词汇、阅读、综合填空和写作等各个项目中。实践证明，没有足够的词汇作基础，听说读写译等技能就无从谈起。词汇量的大小与词汇运用能力的高低必然会直接影响到其他各个部分的得分，从而会影响整个答题效果。

从各类考试的分析来看，词汇题主要测试词义和搭配两大内容。词义方面主要测试词类相同而词义不同的词、词形相似而词义不同的词、同义词、近义词、派生词、易混词等;搭配方面主要测试介词与其他词类固定搭配与使用的能力，如名词与介词的搭配、动词与介词的搭配、形容词与介词的搭配等。下面对这些重点进行详细讲解。

1）词类相同词义不同的词或词组，用以测试考生认词的能力，只要熟悉词义，根据句意即可选择。如：

① Since the matter was extremely _______, we dealt with it immediately.

A) tough B) tense C) urgent D) instant

答案是C)。

② The manager spoke highly of such ________ as loyalty, courage and truthfulness shown by his employees.

A) virtues B) features C) properties D) characteristics

答案是A)。

2）多义词、同义词、近义词、近形词。这几类词测试考生的辨词能力，占的比例较大。英语中不少单词是多义词。有的学生只知道某个单词的某种意义，却不知道它的其他意义和在特定上下文中引申意义;同义、近义词概念虽相同、相近，但含义和用法上仍存在差别;近形词，形似义异，具有迷惑性，选择时要注意区分各词之间的细微不同处，要从使用场合、搭配结构和语义关系上分析，后作出判断。如

① Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still ____.

A) bare B) vacant C) blank D) hollow

答案是A)

② _______ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others.

A) Unlike B) Liking C) Alike D) Dislike

答案是A)

③ It took several months to ________ the wild horse.

A) tend B) cultivate C) average D) regular

④ Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as ________sickness.

A) normal B) ordinary C) average D) regular

答案是B)。

3）短语动词，即动词+小品词（介词或副词）。这类词在语法上都起动词作用，句中作谓语;在语义上不是意义的叠加而是赋有新义。

① Our son doesn‘t know what to _______ at the university; he can’t make up his mind about his future.

A) take over B) take after C) take in D) take up

答：答案是D)。

② One day I _______ a newspaper article about the retirement of an English professor at a nearby state college.

A) came across B) came about C) come after D) came at

答案是A)。

4）固定搭配，包括名词与介词的搭配、名词与形容词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配等等。这些搭配纷繁复杂、千变万化，是产生词汇错误的主要原因，因此，考生平时须多读多看，增强语感，逐步积累，牢牢记住。如：

① Thank you for applying for a position with our firm. We do not have any openings at this time, but we shall keep your application on _________ for two months.

A) pile B) segment C) sequence D) file

答案是D)。

② He hoped the firm would ________ him to the Paris branch.

A) exchange B) transmit C) transfer D) remove

答案是C)。

③ The ratio of the work done by the machine _________ the work done on it is called the efficiency of the machine.

A) against B) with C) to D) for

答案是C)。

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