2017年成人学位英语考试：动词主语一致
并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。
注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，也就是指代同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如：
主谓一致中的靠近原则
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。
1.当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与邻近的主语保持一致。例如：
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。
2.当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和邻近的主语一致。例如：
Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。
谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。
He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。
谓语需用单数
1.代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如：
Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。
2.当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。
3.表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如：
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。
Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。
指代意义决定谓语的单复数
1.代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如：
All is right. 一切顺利。
All are present. 人都到齐了。
2.集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如：
His family isn't very large. 他家成员不多。
有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。例如：
A number of +名词复数+复数动词。
The number of +名词复数+单数动词。
A number of books have lent out.
The majority of the students like English
与后接名词或代词保持一致
1.用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如：
Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。
2.用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：
A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。
3.如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如：
Many a person has read the novel. 许多人读过这本书。
根据英语语法规律，形容词分句(也叫定语从句，adjective clause)里的动词必须和主句里的先行词(antecedent)呼应。先行词是单数，形容词分句中的动词便是单数;先行词是复数，形容词分句中的动词便是复数。例如：
① Do you know the woman who is walking the dog?(陪狗散步)
② Those who have performed well in the tournament will be rewarded.
在①里，先行词 the woman 是单数，形容词分句里的动词 is 也是单数。反之，②里的先行词 those 是复数，who 后面的动词也是复数 have.
根据这原则，who is upgrading 中的 is 便要改为 are 了。
动词与主语不呼应的错误比比皆是。除了上述例子外，常见的错误还有下面几种类型：
③ Has Mr and Mrs Li decided to emigrate?
④ Do your uncle live in Malaysia?
⑤ There is several beautiful paintings on the wall.
⑥ The news of Henry's resignation were received with great surprise.
⑦ What we are doing are good for the nation as a whole.
⑧ Someone have forgotten to turn off the light.
在③里，助动词 has 和复数主语 Mr and Mrs Li 不符，要改为 have.第④句里的 do 和 your uncle 不搭配，要改为 does.第⑤ 句里的 is 和真正主语 paintings 的数不一致，应改为 are.这个句子也可改变为：“Several beautiful paintings are on the wall”。在⑥里的主语 news，其形式是复数，但意思是单数，动词也要单数的 was received 才行。⑦里的主语是名词分句(noun clause)，是个单数的单位，动词也要单数的 is，不是 are.在⑧ 里的主语 someone 是单数代名词，随后的动词必须是 has forgotten 才对。
学位英语考试：2017年成人学位英语考试试题题型详解
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