1.Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.

答案：人民活动家一直认为黑人和拉丁美人难以在生意上立足的原因是因为他们难以取得大公司的大宗定单和分包合同。

2.Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as far as psychoneuaral correlations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences.

答案：其他的实验揭示神经细胞的大小、数量、排列和连接的细微变化，但就神经关联而言，这些感觉区域的相似性比那些细微的区别更有意义可言。

3.Articles in the popular press even criticize the Gross National Production (GNP) because it is not such a complete index of welfare, ignoring, on the one hand, that it was never intended to be, and suggesting, on the other, that with appropriate changes it could be converted into one.

答案：流行期刊中甚至有文章批评国民生产总值，因为它并不是一个福利目录，一方面忽视了它从来就没有这种倾向，另一方面的建议是通过正确的改变它才能被转化过来。

4.While a selection of necessary details is involved in both, the officer must remain neutral and clearly try to present a picture of the facts, while the artist usually begins with a preconceived message or attitude which is then transmitted through the use of carefully selected details of action described in words intended to provoke associations and emotional reactions in the reader.

答案：尽管收集必要的信息对于两者来说都是需要的，但官员必须以中立和清晰的态度来提供事实的画面，而艺术家从已设字的信息或者态度开始，并将其过用激发读者共鸣和情绪反应的词语描写的动用细节描述出来。

5.Even the doctoral degree, long recognized as a required "union card" in the academic world, has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to a professor's classroom duties.

答案：即使是学术界被长时间认作必须“同盟卡”的博士学位，现在也因为仅仅为了学习本身和知识的累积而学习，却不把知识应用到教授的教学职责中去而受到了严厉的批评。

6.The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out, and as regards our more immediate concern, the reliability of present day economic forecasting, there are considerable difference of opinion.

答案：圣经没有告诉我们罗马的数据统计者们怎样达到我们今天的经济预测的可靠性的，我们进一步思考的话，其中的意见上有很大的不同。

7.The result of attrition is that, where the areas of the whole leaves follow a normal distribution, a bimodal distribution is produced, one peak composed mainly of fragmented pieces, the other of the larger remains.

答案：磨擦的结果是，在叶面上服从正态分布的地方就会产生两种分布方式，顶点上主要是小块，其他的地方是小块，其他的地方是大块的地方。

8.There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people.

答案：有几项措施可以采取，其中主要的是要所有宣布以保护动物利益为目标的组织都明确宣布他们对于人类所受到的暴力袭击表决坚定的立场。

9.Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on, is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.

答案：即使社会系统的民间知识中像挣钱，花费，组织，婚嫁，政治活动的参与，以及战斗等等，都与从社会科学中衍生出来更加精细的社会系统描述相差不多，尽管它是建立在一个不太完善的个人经验上的模型。

10.Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.

答案：加特曼确凿地说明黑人家庭的稳定鼓励了黑人文化遗产的传递和维护，这些遗产包括从一代传到另一代的民间传说，音乐，和宗教表述，这些遗产使非洲和美洲的奴隶们特色显着。

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