2017年11月成人学位英语考试英汉互译练习题十八
1.When you speak and write，no law says you have to use big words.Short words are as good as long ones，and short，old words like sun and grass and home are best of all-A lot of small words can meet your needs with a strength，grace and charm that large words lack.
Big words can make the way dark for those who hear what you say and read what you write，while short words are bright，like sparks that glow in the night.
If along word says just what you want，do not fear to use it.But know that our language is rich in short words.Make them the spine and the heart of what you speak and write.Like loyal friends，they will not let you down.
答案：当你说话或写作时，没有法则规定你一定要用大词，因为小词可以达到同样的效果。很多小词(如sun，grass，home等)是语言的精华。有许多小词具有大词无法比拟的威力和魅力，能够满足你的各种需要。
大词能使你的听众或读者不清楚你的意思，而短词明亮，似黑夜中闪烁的火花。
如果一个长词能恰如其分地表达思想，那就大胆地使用。但是要知道，我们的语言充满了劲健有力、活泼敏捷的小词。让小词成为你言谈和文章的脊柱和心脏，宛如忠诚的朋友，它们永远不会使你失望。
2.Too frequently，students seem to take for granted their right，or even their access，to interviews and to jobs needed to begin their careers.Such optimism Can no longer be justified.Ten years ago，graduating students were warned that continued employment in one field for one company for one’S entire working life was increasingly becoming a thing of the past.Students could expect three or four career shifts.Today，many college or university graduates will never have the chance even to begin careers in their chosen fields.Others may find only part-time or contract work.The last decade has produced enormous changes in the way business and industry operate in North America，and in the ways in which people are employed.
答案：通常学生想当然地认为他们有权接受(甚至是有机会)面试、有权就业来开始他们的职业生涯。他们认为这些都是理所当然的。这种乐观的想法已经过时了。10年前，就有人警告大学毕业生要想终身在一家公司从事同一领域的工作已经越来越不可能了。一个学生一生可能会换三至四次工作。而今许多大专院校毕业生将不会从事他们本专业的工作。有些人可能只能找到非全日工作或合同制工作。在过去的10年中，北美工商企业的运营发生了巨大的变化，包括用人方式。
3.In many Western countries，a considerable number of parents have removed their children from school and are teaching them at home.Such children do all their normal lessons at home，often under the guidance of a parent.The first thing to consider is whether this is legal or not.In most countries it is，SO long as parents can prove that their children are receiving an adequate education，equal to that provided by their state educational system.the next consideration is whether the parents have the time，self-discipline，intelligence and patience to teach their own child week after week，day in and day out，for hours on end.Then there is the problem of wh Nat will be taught，and how.
答案：在很多西方国家，已有数量可观的家长把孩子从学校带回家自己教。这些孩子通常是在父亲或母亲的指导之下在家里进修所有的正规课程。让孩子在家上学首先需要考虑的是这样做是否合法。在多数国家是合法的，只要家长能证明自己的孩子在家里受到合格的、与国家教育体制提供的质量相当的教育即可。接下来要考虑的是家长是否有时问、有自制力、有学识、有耐心，可以周复一周、日复一日地一连几个小时教自己的孩子。然后的问题就是教什么、怎么教。
4.we all have strengths and weaknesses.A good manager concentrates on bringing out of each employee’s best side and combining those strengths so they complement each other.
Since no one Person can have all the skills needed to successfully operate any organization,we need to build your team in a way that makes use of these skills.That is no mall matter.
You must begin by knowing your team members.When you know people，you learn what motivates them and what de-motivates them.You learn how they interact with certain people and under certain conditions·You pay attention to their working style，how they get things done. Only with this kind of information can you get the most out of all people and merge their talents to get the most out of the team.
参考答案：每个人既有长处也有弱点。作为一个的管理者要重视发挥每一位员工的优势，并且将那些长处结合起来，使之起到互补作用。既然没有一个人能拥有成功运作一个公司所具备的全部技能，我们就需要塑造一个能将这些技能利用起来的团队。这绝非一件小事。你必须从了解员工做起。只有你了解了他们，才知道怎么能调动他们的积极性，什么会挫伤他们的积极性。你会了解他们在某些条件下是如何与某些人交往的。你要关心他们的工作方式，以及他们是如何开展工作的。也只有获取了这方面的信息，你才有可能做到人尽其才，并将他们的聪明才智结合在一起限度地发挥团队的整体优势。
5.Of course a certain amount of dependence on others is not only good, but necessary.Children must be dependent on their parents; and the weak must depend on the strong, and the sick on the well.And in a sense,all of us,even the most independent and self-reliant,are dependent on one another.At any rate, in civilized society, it is impossible for anyone to make all the thing she needs. No man can produce all the food and clothes he wants. He can only produce one or two things, and must get all the others by exchange or purchase from others, who are doing the same thing. So in a community everyone is dependent on the service of others,while he himself contributes to the needs of others.
答案：当然我们有些事要依靠别人，这不仅是合理的，而且是必需的。孩子必须依靠父母，弱者必须依靠强者，病人必须依靠健康人。从某种意义上说，我们每个人，即使是独立的，自力更生的人也需要相互依靠。无论如何，在文明社会中，任何人都不可能生产出他所需要的一切东西。没有人能生产出他所需要的全部食物和衣物，他只能生产一两种东西，其他的东西都需要从别人处交换或购买，其他人也是一样。因此，在社会中，每个人都依赖别人的服务，而他自己也为满足别人所需作出贡献。
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