Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)
26、请回答26-40题
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the.following passage:
There was one thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and heavy automobile traffic. At present, we realize that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally worldwide. (76) On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy_cloud of air pollution has covered the east of the United States and brought health warnings in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may he infected by air pollution. Some scien- tists consider that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) is creating a "greenhouse effect"--conserving heat reflected from the earth and raising the world' s average temperature. If this view is correct and the world' s tempera- ture is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be in water.
(77) Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth' s temperature--a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age, and would make agri-culture difficult or impossible in many of our top fanning areas. Today we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen (though one recent government report drafted by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very possible). Perhaps, if we are lucky enough, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world' s temperature will stay about the same as it is now.

As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution __________
A．caused widespread damage in the countryside
B．affected the entire eastern half of the United States
C．had damaging effect on health
D．existed merely in urban and industries areas


27、As to the greenhouse effect, the author__________
A．shares the same view with the scientists
B．is uncertain of its occurrence
C．rejects it as being ungrounded
D．thinks that it will destroy the world soon


28、The word "offset" in the second paragraph could be replaced by.__________
A．slip into
B．make up for
C．set up
D．catch up with


29、It can be concluded that__________
A．raising the world' s temperature only a few degrees would not do much harm to life on earth
B．lowering the world' s temperature merely a few degrees would lead many major farming areas to disaster
C．almost no temperature variations have occurred over the past decade
D．the world' s temperature will remain constant in the years to come


30、This passage is primarily about__________
A．the greenhouse effect
B．the burning of fossil fuels
C．the potential effect of air pollution
D．the likelihood of a new ice age

31、回答31-45题
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:
It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. (78) The meanings of. thousands of everyday perceptions , the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits andskills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.
Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It includesnot only "remembering" things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involving any change inthe way an animal typically behaves. (79)Memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.
Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting tocompare the memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 " words" --ready for instant use. An average U.S. teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.
The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings.
A large part of a person' s memory is in terms of words and combinations of words.

According to the passage, memory is considered to be_________
A．the basis for decision making and problem solving
B．an ability to store experiences for future use
C．an intelligence typically possessed by human beings
D．the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words


32、
The comparison made between the memory capacity of a large computer and that of a human being shows that_________
A．the computer' s memory has a little bigger capacity than a teenager' s
B．the computer' s memory capacity is much smaller that an adult human being' s
C．the computer' s memory capacity is much smaller even than a teenager' s
D．both A and B


33、
The whole passage implies that_________
A．only human beings have problem-solving intelligence
B．a person' s memory is different from a computer' s in every respect
C．animals are able to solve only very simple problems
D．animals solve problems by instincts rather than intelligence


34、
The phrase "in terms of" in the last sentence can best be replaced by_________
A．"in connection with"
B．"expressed by"
C．"consisting"
D．"by means of"


35、
The topic of the passage is: _________
A．What would life be like without memory ?
B．Memory is of vital importance to life.
C．How is a person' s memory different from an animal' s or a computer' s?
D．What is contained in memory ?

36、回答36-50题
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:
Traditionally, universities have carried out two main activities: research and teaching. Manyexperts would argue that both these activities play a critical role in serving the community. The fundamental question, however, is how does the community want or need to be served?
In recent years universities have been coming under increasing pressure from both the governments and the public to ensure that they do not remain "ivory towers (象牙塔)" of study separated from the realities of everyday life. University teachers have been encouraged, and in some cases constrained (强迫), to provide more courses which produce graduates with the technical skills required for the commercial use. (78) If Aristotle wanted to work in a university in the UK today, he would have a good chance of teaching computer science but would not be so readily employable as a philosopher.
A post-industrial society requires large numbers of computer programmers, engineers, managers and technicians to maintain and develop its economic growth but "man", as the Bible says, "does not live by bread alone. " (79) Apart from requiring medical and social services, which do not directly contribute to economic growth, the society should also value and enjoy literature, music and the arts. Because they can also promote economic growth. A successful musical play, for instance, can contribute as much to the Gross National Product through tourist dollars as any other things.

The main idea of the first paragraph is that
A．traditional universities do a good job serving the society
B．universities must meet the needs of the society
C．research and teaching are of great importance in universities
D．universities play an important role in our society


37、 We can infer from the second paragraph that
A．the society is not satisfied with the present college education
B．the governments interfere too much with college education
C．teacher are forced to do what they don’t like to do
D．teachers dislike teaching commercially useful courses


38、The Aristotle example is used to make the point that
A．universities in the UK have produced too much good for graduates
B．such abstract subjects as philosophy is no longer useful
C．education should serve the social needs
D．it is advisable for today’s philosophers to know computer science


39、 According to the passage，literature，music and the arts
A．do not contribute to economic growth at all
B．are less useful to the society because they do not make direct contribution to economic growth
C．are similar to medical and social services in their way of promoting economic growth
D．should develop only when they are good for economic growth


40、 The author believes that
A．art is useful only when it is made into a money earner
B．the promotion of economic growth is the only goal of today’s society
C．universities should not provide literature or art courses
D．the society needs both technical skills and arts