北京2015年成人学士学位英语新预测试题及答案（3）
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Reading Comprehension
1、Questions1-15are based on the following passage．
Modem mass·production methods lower the cost of making goods，and thus give US better values．At the same time，American ingenuity(独创性)and science are constantly at work improving the quality of products．(79)In this way better quality products at good Values are continually being brought to the people of all income groups．
As an example of how this worked，when facial tissues(面巾纸)were first put on the market in 1924,they were made in limited quantities and sold 65 cents per box of 200． People like these facial tissues immediately and began asking for them when they went into different stores because there was such a demand for the product ,manufacturers began making tissues in larger and larger quantities because the manufacturers were making tissues in greater quantities,their
production costs were lowered，SO that the price of tissues went down．(80)In the meanwhile,The quality of facial tissues was constantly improving, because more manufacturers went into the business of making tissues,and each manufacturer strove to make his product better than his competitors'．Today,instead of costing 65cents，a box of 200 tissues costs around one-third of
that price，and they are both softer and stronger． When people are free to compete-when they are free to make more things and make them better-everyone benefits．
In regard to the production of goods in greater quantities．the author states that__________
A．the price of the goods should drop
B．the quality of the goods should improve
C．the price and the quality should both rise
D．the quality and the price should both drop
2、 Ⅵmen the demand for facial tissues increased,__________ ．
A．the supply was quickly exhausted
B．its price went up
C．the manufacturers tried to improve their quality
D．more manufacturers went into the business of making tissues
3、 Improved quality of facial tissues resulted from__________
A．mass-production methods
B．popular demand for a better product
C．a decrease in production costs
D．competition among manufacturers
4、 According to the passage,we can see that lower prices and better quality occur__________
A．as a result of the effect of one on the other
B．always at the same time
C．independently of each other
D．when the demand exceeds the supply
5、 The author believes that in a nation where free enterprise (自由企业制) exists, manufacturers will produce__________
A．as much as they like
B．better quality merchandise (商品)
C．more than they are able to sell
D．both A and B
6、Questions6-20 are based on the following passage．
If you smoke--particularly cigarettes--you are far more likely than a non-smoker to suffer or die from several major diseases--notably lung cancer．
One smoker in four dies prematurely (过早地) because of his smoking． The risk of dying for a heavy smoker (between the ages of 35 and 55) is roughly equal to the risk run by a non-smoker 10 years older．
Cigarette smoking--and to a lesser degree pipe and cigar smoking-may aggravate(使恶化)or be partly responsible for the development of a wide variety of other diseases, which include
cancers of the mouth and throat, peptic ulcers (胃溃疡), and loss of teeth．
(78) Women who smoke during pregnancy produce babies on average about 5 to 8 ounces lighter than those who don't．
Take lung cancer for example:
Britain's lung cancer figures are the highest in the world, and still rising． Ninety people die every day, 33,000 in 1969． Almost all these deaths can be attributed directly to tobacco smoking．
(79)The prospects of a cure for lung cancer are, at present, remoter ,and it is impossible to estimate when, if ever, someone will find one． You would be foolish to rely on someone finding a cure before you needed it．
One man in eight who die between the ages of 35 and 64 is killed by lung cancer． The figures for women in this age group are lower, about 1 in 20． This is partly because women smoke less, and have not smoked as long． But the figures are still very high．
According to the passage, lung cancer __________
A．is the major cause of death between the ages of 35 and 55
B．is most often caused by smoking
C．never affects non-smokers
D．has nothing to do with smoking
7、 Women who smoke during pregnancy produce ~
A．lighter babies than those who don't
B．heavier babies than those who don't
C．babies who can't live long
D．babies who suffer from heart diseases
8、 The cure for lung cancer __________
A．can be found before long
B．is available if one needs it
C．is unknown at present
D．will be found before you need it
9、 The passage suggests that women __________
A．smoke as much as men
B．react better than men to smoking
C．are affected by smoking only during pregnancy
D．run the same risks as men if they smoke
10、 What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Man-smokers live shorter than woman-smokers．
B．All the deaths in Britain result directly from tobacco smoking．
C．Smoking is the main killer of babies．
D．Smoking can give rise to several major diseases．
11、Directions: There are three passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage1
Questions 11-25 are based on the following passage.
Industrial psychology is the application of various psychological techniques to the selection and training of industrial workers and to the promotion of efficient working conditions and techniques, as well as individual job satisfaction.
The selection of workers for particular jobs is essentially a problem of discovering the special aptitudes and techniques, and personality characteristics needed for the job and of devising tests to determine whether candidates have such aptitudes and characteristics. The development of tests of this kind has long been a field of psychological research. Once the worker is on the job and has been trained, the fundamental aim of the industrial psychologist is to find ways in which a particular job can best be accomplished with a minimum of effort and a maximum of individual satisfaction. The psychologist's function, therefore, differs from that of the so-called efficiency expert, who places primary emphasis on increased production. (76) Psychological techniques used to lessen the effort involved in a given job include a detailed study of the motion required to do the job, the equipment used~ and the conditions under which the job is performed. After making such a study, the industrial psychologist often determines that the job in question may be accomplished with less effort by changing the routine motions of the work itself, changing or moving the tools, improving the working conditions, or a combination of several of these methods.
(77) Industrial psychologists have also studied the effects of fatigue on workers to determine the length of working time that yields the greatest productivity. In some cases such studies have proven that total production on particular jobs could be increased by reducing the number of working hours or by increasing the number of rest periods, or "breaks", during the day. Industrial psychologists may also suggest less direct requirements for general improvement of job performance, such as establishing a better line of communication between employees and management.
From the first sentence of the passage, we learn that the primary objective of industrial psychology is to study__________
A．working efficiency that leads to the highest output
B．the working skills and the working environment
C．the techniques leading to the highest productivity
D．the use of workers to get the greatest profit
12、 A test in industrial psychology is used to find out __________
A．a worker's achievements
B．a worker's potential for a certain job
C．a worker's psychological problem
D．a worker's motivation for a certain job
13、 The industrial psychologist's function differs from that of the efficiency experts in that the former__________
A．places great emphasis on maximum production
B．cares little about the increase of production
C．is mainly concerned with workers' satisfaction
D．worries a lot about those workers in poor working conditions
14、 In an industrial psychologist's mind, all of the following is important EXCEPT__________
A．the steps in which work is done
B．the state of mind of a worker when working
C．the effect of working environment on a worker
D．the value of the product a worker is making
15、 Based on the results of the industrial psychologists' studies, it is certain that __________
A．two breaks in a day lead to lower productivity than one
B．working without breaks may not yield the highest efficiency
C．communication is increasing between the employers and employees
D．changing tools will help increase the production
1、Questions1-15are based on the following passage．
Modem mass·production methods lower the cost of making goods，and thus give US better values．At the same time，American ingenuity(独创性)and science are constantly at work improving the quality of products．(79)In this way better quality products at good Values are continually being brought to the people of all income groups．
As an example of how this worked，when facial tissues(面巾纸)were first put on the market in 1924,they were made in limited quantities and sold 65 cents per box of 200． People like these facial tissues immediately and began asking for them when they went into different stores because there was such a demand for the product ,manufacturers began making tissues in larger and larger quantities because the manufacturers were making tissues in greater quantities,their
production costs were lowered，SO that the price of tissues went down．(80)In the meanwhile,The quality of facial tissues was constantly improving, because more manufacturers went into the business of making tissues,and each manufacturer strove to make his product better than his competitors'．Today,instead of costing 65cents，a box of 200 tissues costs around one-third of
that price，and they are both softer and stronger． When people are free to compete-when they are free to make more things and make them better-everyone benefits．
In regard to the production of goods in greater quantities．the author states that__________
A．the price of the goods should drop
B．the quality of the goods should improve
C．the price and the quality should both rise
D．the quality and the price should both drop
2、 Ⅵmen the demand for facial tissues increased,__________ ．
A．the supply was quickly exhausted
B．its price went up
C．the manufacturers tried to improve their quality
D．more manufacturers went into the business of making tissues
3、 Improved quality of facial tissues resulted from__________
A．mass-production methods
B．popular demand for a better product
C．a decrease in production costs
D．competition among manufacturers
4、 According to the passage,we can see that lower prices and better quality occur__________
A．as a result of the effect of one on the other
B．always at the same time
C．independently of each other
D．when the demand exceeds the supply
5、 The author believes that in a nation where free enterprise (自由企业制) exists, manufacturers will produce__________
A．as much as they like
B．better quality merchandise (商品)
C．more than they are able to sell
D．both A and B
6、Questions6-20 are based on the following passage．
If you smoke--particularly cigarettes--you are far more likely than a non-smoker to suffer or die from several major diseases--notably lung cancer．
One smoker in four dies prematurely (过早地) because of his smoking． The risk of dying for a heavy smoker (between the ages of 35 and 55) is roughly equal to the risk run by a non-smoker 10 years older．
Cigarette smoking--and to a lesser degree pipe and cigar smoking-may aggravate(使恶化)or be partly responsible for the development of a wide variety of other diseases, which include
cancers of the mouth and throat, peptic ulcers (胃溃疡), and loss of teeth．
(78) Women who smoke during pregnancy produce babies on average about 5 to 8 ounces lighter than those who don't．
Take lung cancer for example:
Britain's lung cancer figures are the highest in the world, and still rising． Ninety people die every day, 33,000 in 1969． Almost all these deaths can be attributed directly to tobacco smoking．
(79)The prospects of a cure for lung cancer are, at present, remoter ,and it is impossible to estimate when, if ever, someone will find one． You would be foolish to rely on someone finding a cure before you needed it．
One man in eight who die between the ages of 35 and 64 is killed by lung cancer． The figures for women in this age group are lower, about 1 in 20． This is partly because women smoke less, and have not smoked as long． But the figures are still very high．
According to the passage, lung cancer __________
A．is the major cause of death between the ages of 35 and 55
B．is most often caused by smoking
C．never affects non-smokers
D．has nothing to do with smoking
7、 Women who smoke during pregnancy produce ~
A．lighter babies than those who don't
B．heavier babies than those who don't
C．babies who can't live long
D．babies who suffer from heart diseases
8、 The cure for lung cancer __________
A．can be found before long
B．is available if one needs it
C．is unknown at present
D．will be found before you need it
9、 The passage suggests that women __________
A．smoke as much as men
B．react better than men to smoking
C．are affected by smoking only during pregnancy
D．run the same risks as men if they smoke
10、 What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Man-smokers live shorter than woman-smokers．
B．All the deaths in Britain result directly from tobacco smoking．
C．Smoking is the main killer of babies．
D．Smoking can give rise to several major diseases．
11、Directions: There are three passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.
Passage1
Questions 11-25 are based on the following passage.
Industrial psychology is the application of various psychological techniques to the selection and training of industrial workers and to the promotion of efficient working conditions and techniques, as well as individual job satisfaction.
The selection of workers for particular jobs is essentially a problem of discovering the special aptitudes and techniques, and personality characteristics needed for the job and of devising tests to determine whether candidates have such aptitudes and characteristics. The development of tests of this kind has long been a field of psychological research. Once the worker is on the job and has been trained, the fundamental aim of the industrial psychologist is to find ways in which a particular job can best be accomplished with a minimum of effort and a maximum of individual satisfaction. The psychologist's function, therefore, differs from that of the so-called efficiency expert, who places primary emphasis on increased production. (76) Psychological techniques used to lessen the effort involved in a given job include a detailed study of the motion required to do the job, the equipment used~ and the conditions under which the job is performed. After making such a study, the industrial psychologist often determines that the job in question may be accomplished with less effort by changing the routine motions of the work itself, changing or moving the tools, improving the working conditions, or a combination of several of these methods.
(77) Industrial psychologists have also studied the effects of fatigue on workers to determine the length of working time that yields the greatest productivity. In some cases such studies have proven that total production on particular jobs could be increased by reducing the number of working hours or by increasing the number of rest periods, or "breaks", during the day. Industrial psychologists may also suggest less direct requirements for general improvement of job performance, such as establishing a better line of communication between employees and management.
From the first sentence of the passage, we learn that the primary objective of industrial psychology is to study__________
A．working efficiency that leads to the highest output
B．the working skills and the working environment
C．the techniques leading to the highest productivity
D．the use of workers to get the greatest profit
12、 A test in industrial psychology is used to find out __________
A．a worker's achievements
B．a worker's potential for a certain job
C．a worker's psychological problem
D．a worker's motivation for a certain job
13、 The industrial psychologist's function differs from that of the efficiency experts in that the former__________
A．places great emphasis on maximum production
B．cares little about the increase of production
C．is mainly concerned with workers' satisfaction
D．worries a lot about those workers in poor working conditions
14、 In an industrial psychologist's mind, all of the following is important EXCEPT__________
A．the steps in which work is done
B．the state of mind of a worker when working
C．the effect of working environment on a worker
D．the value of the product a worker is making
15、 Based on the results of the industrial psychologists' studies, it is certain that __________
A．two breaks in a day lead to lower productivity than one
B．working without breaks may not yield the highest efficiency
C．communication is increasing between the employers and employees
D．changing tools will help increase the production
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