Passage 2

Increasingly, over the past ten years, people--especially young people--have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed food, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods.

Foods which do not contain chemical additives(添加剂) and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers, widely used in farming today.

Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic(有机的) matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount--but not the quality--of foods grown in commercial farming areas.

Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures(牧场). Compare this with what happens in' the mass production of poultry: there are farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food,they also lay eggs which lack important vitamins.

There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from ex-perts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a non-essential food! Al-though a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if it is necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be addictive : the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person con-sumes an average of 200 pounds a year ! Yet all it does is to provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals and no fiber.

It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fiber has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the em-phasis is placed on the eating of whole meal bread and more vegetables by modern experts on"healthy eating".

21. People have become more interested in natural foods because __________.

A. they are more health conscious

B. they want to taste all kinds of foods

C. natural foods are more delicious than processed foods

D. they want'to return to nature

22. Soil that is rich in organic matters__________.

A. has had chemicals and fertilizers added to it

B. contains vegetable matter that has not been consumed

C. has been nourished by fertilizers

D. already contains large quantities of vitamins and minerals

23. Chickens raised in poultry farms are all of the following EXCEPT that__________.

A. they are fed on food which is little better than garbage

B. they live in very crowded condition

C. the eggs they lay lack vitamins

D. they are allowed to move about and eat freely

24. According to the passage,__________.

A. people need sugar to give them energy

B. sugar is bad for the health

C. the use of sugar is habit forming

D. sugar only sweetens food, but provides us with nothing useful

25. The best title for this passage is__________.

A. People' s Growing Interest in Natural Foods

B.Natural Foods and Healthy Diet

C. Harmful Effects of Sugar

D. The Importance of Fiber in Foods

Passage 3

Much unfriendly feeling towards computers has been based on the fear of widespread unem-ployment resulting: from their introduction. Computers are often used as part of automated( 自动化的) production systems requiring a least possible number of operators, causing the loss of many jobs. This has happened, for example, in many steelworks.

On the other hand, computers do create jobs. They are more skilled and better paid, though fewer in number than those they replace. Many activities could not continue in their present form without computers, no matter how many people are employed. Examples are the check clearing( 交换) system of major banks and the weather forecasting system.

When a f'trm introduces comPuters, a few people are usually employed in key posts (such as jobs of operations managers) while other staff are re-trained as operators, programmers, and data preparation staff. After the new system has settled down, people in non-computer jobs are not al-ways replaced when they leave, resulting in a decrease in the number of employees. This decrease is sometimes balanced by a substantial increase in the activity of the frim, resulting from the intro-duction of computers.

The attitudes of workers towards computers vary. There is fear of widespread unemployment and of the takeover of many jobs by computer-trained workers, making promotion for older work-ers not skilled in computers more difficult.

On the other hand, many workers regard the trend toward wider use of computers inevitable.

They realize that computers bring about greater efficiency and productivity, which will improve the condition of the whole economy, and lead to the creation of more jobs. This view was supported by the former British Prime Minister, James Callaghan in 1954, when he made the point that new tech-nologies hold the key to increased productivity, which will benefit the economy in the long run.

26. The unfriendly feeling towards computers is developed from__________.

A. the possible widespread unemployment caused by their introduction

B. their use as part of automated production systems

C. the least possible number of operators

D. the production system in steelworks

27. The underlined word "They" ( Line 1, Para. 2 ) refers to__________.

A. computers

B. jobs

C. activities

D. systems

28. According to Paragraph 2, without computers__________.

A. human activities could not continue

B. there could not be weather forecasting systems

C. many activities would have to change their present form

D. banks would not be able to go on with check clearing

29. According to the passage, what results from the introduction of computers?

A. After re-training, all employees in the fn-m get new jobs.

B. A considerable proportion of people are employed in key posts.

C. The firm keeps all of its original staff members.

D. The decrease in staff members may be balanced by the increase of firm activities.

30. James Callaghan' s attitude towards computers can be best described as__________.

A. doubtful

B. regretful

C. unfriendly

D. supportive

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