Passage Three

To understand the marketing concept，it is only Becessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling.Not too many years a90，most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods，and then relied on‘‘persuasive salesmanship’’to move as much of these goods as possible.Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money. Marketing，on the other hand，focuses on the wants of consumers.It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept，which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale，the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.

This concept does not imply that business is benevolent(慈善的)or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company.There are always two sides to every business transaction--the firm and the customer--and each must be satisfied before trade occurs.Successful merchants and producers，however，recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers.A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985，when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink.The non—acceptance of the new flavor by a significant part of the public brought about a prompt restoration(恢复)of the Classic Coke，which was then marketed alongside new.King Customer ruled l

21.The marketing concept discussed in the passage is，in essence， __________ .

A.the practice of turning goods into money

B.making goods available for purchase

C.the customer—centered approach

D.a form of persuasive salesmanship

22.What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?

A.The needs of the market. B.The efficiency of production.

C.The satisfaction of the user.D.The preferences of the dealer.

23.According to the passage.“to move as much of these goods as possible”(Para.1，Lines 3～4)·means“ __________ ”.

A.to sell the largest possible amount of goods

B.to transport goods as efficiently as possible

C.to dispose of these goods in large quantities

D.to redesign these goods for large-scale production

24.What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?

A.Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people.

B.It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public.

C.Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please.

D.Products must be designed to suit the taste of the consumer.

25.In discussing the marketing concept，the author focuses on __________ .

A.its main characteristic B.its social impact

C.its possible consequence D.its theoretical basis

Passage Four

People have been fond of roses since the beginning of time.In fact，it is said that the wise and knowing Confucius had a 600一book library specifically on how to care for roses. The rose is a legend on its own.The story goes that during the Roman Empire，there was a beautiful girl named Rhodanthe.Her beauty drew many suitors(求婚者).Exhausted by their pursuit，Rhodanthe was forced to hide in the temple of her friend Diana to stay away from her suitors.Unfortunately，Diana became jealous.And when the suitors broke down her temple gates to get near their beloved Rhodanthe，she became angry，turning Rhodanthe into a rose and her suitors into thorns.

In Greek legend，the rose was created by Chloris，the Greek goddess of flowers.It was just a lifeless seed that Chloris found one day in a clearing in the woods.She asked Aphrodite，the goddess of love，to give her beauty，Dionysus，the god of wine，to give her a sweet scent(气味)，and the three Graces to give her charm，brightness and joy.Then Zephyr，the West Wind，blew away the clouds SO that Apoll0，the sun god，could shine and make this flower blossom.And SO the rose was born and was immediately called the Queen of Flowers.

The first true primary red rose seen in Europe was introduced in l 792 from China，where it had been growing wild in the mountains.Immediately，rose breeders began using it to make a hybrid (杂交品种).Absolute perfection still hash’t been gained，and of course never will!

There is a special rose language invented as a secret means of communication between lovers who were not allowed to express their love for one another openly.In the mid一18th century the wife of the British ambassador in Constantinople described—th—is in her letters，which were published after her death.These letters inspired many books on the language of flowers，each describing the secret message hidden in each flower.A red rose bud(花蕾)stands for secret affection，an open white

rose asks“Will you love me?”，an open red rose means“I’m full of love and desire”.while an open yellow rose asks“Don’t you love me anymore?”

26.The author takes Confucius as an example in Para.1 to show __________ .

A.roses’mysteries B.Confucius’broad knowledge

C.roses’impact on human beings D.people’S love for roses

27.We can learn from Para.2 that ” __________ .

A.Rhodanthe was quite clever

B.Rhodanthe didn’t expect Diana’S jealousy

C.many of Rhodanthe’S suitors were shy

D.Rhodanthe felt proud to have SO many suitors

28.In Greek legend，the rose __________ .

A.was brought into the woods by Zephyr

B.should owe its sweet smell to Dionysus

C.got sunshine from the goddess of love

D.got her brightness from Aphrodite

29.The underlined word“this”in the last paragraph means __________ .

A.the description of Confucius’S care for roses

B.communication between lovers

C.a special rose language

D.the rose’S legend

30.A red rose bud means“ __________ ”.

A.I don’t love you anymore

B.I’d like to express my love openly

C.I’m longing for your love

D.I have no hopes for love

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