Passage Three

Believe it or not，optical illusion(错觉)can cut highway crashes(撞毁).Japan is a case i point·It has reduced aut。m。bile crashes。n s。me r。ads by nearly 75 percent using a simple。Pticalillusion.Bent strips，called chevrons(人字形)，painted on the roads make drivers think that they are faster than they really are，and thus drivers slow down.

Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C.Is planning to repeat Japan’s success. Starting next year，the Foundation will paint chevrons and other patteerns 0f 8to iPs on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.

Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal(致命)traffic accidents.according to the Foundation.To help reduce those accidents，the Foundation will carry its tests in areas where speed-related hazards(危险)are the greatest—curves(弯)，exit slopes，traffic circles，and bridges.

Some studies suggest that straight，horizontal bars(水平障碍物)painted across roads can initially(初)cut the average speed of drivers in half.However，traffic often retums to full sDeed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.

CheVrons，scientists saY，not only give drivers the impressi。n that they are driving faster than they really are,but also make a lane(车道)appeart。be narrower.The resuIt is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.

21.The passage mainly discusses __________ .

A.a new way of highway speed control

B.a new pattern for painting highways

C.a new way of training drivers

D.a new type of optical illusion

22. On roads painted with chevrons，drivers tend to feel that __________ .

A.they should avoid speed.related hazards

B.they are driving in the wrong lane

C.they should slow down their speed

D.they are coming near to the speed limit

23.The advantage of chevrons over straight，horizontal bars is that the former __________ .

A.can keep drivers awake B.can cut road accidents in half

C.will look more attractive D.will have a longer effect on drivers。

24.The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to __________ .

A.try out the Japanese method in certain areas

B.change the road signs across the country

C.replace straight，horizontal bars with chevrons

D.repeat the Japanese road patterns

25.What does the author say about straight，horizontal bars painted across roads?

A.They are suitable only on broad roads.

B.They are falling out of use in the United States.

C.They are ignored in a long period of time.

D.They cannot be used successfully to traffic circles.

Passage Four

When you were looking for a reliable，honest auto mechanic，how did you find him?Before you went into that restaurant you recently tried，how did you know that it served great food?If you’re like most everyone on the planet，you want to lower your risk of a big ugly surprise SO you asked people you trust to refer you to a business they trust.

We all rely on our friends and associates to recommend going-or not going-to a particular business.Marketers call this friend-to-friend endorsement(认可)of a business“word.of-mouth advertising”.It is the most powerful form of advertising.It is also the most difficult to create.

When you do a great job for your customers or a rotten job，people are going to talk about your business.Unfortunately，because we humans seem to feel negative emotions more intensely than positive ones，we’re more inclined to tell more of our friends about bad experiences with a business than positive ones.Understand this：Customers believe their own experience.You can’t make them believe that your company is wonderful when they felt they were treated badly.

S0，to get positive word—of—mouth going for your business，especially from your demanding customers in this service—based economy，you’ve got to do a really outstanding job for everyone，exactly.

And when you do，you build a great reputation.That takes time.But it forges a link with your customers and prospective customers in a way that no advertising and no promotional coupon(优惠券)ever could.

The good news is that because there are SO many different businesses chasing after your customers’money，people want to know whom they can trust.So people are going to be talking about you.Create a free sales force for your business--an army of delighted customers who tell everyone they know how good your company is to do business with.That’s a great antidote(解毒剂)to defection.

26.What is the main topic of this passage?

A.A person should rely on his friends for a business.

B.A good name will bring you money.

C.A company can make customers believe that it’s wonderful.

D.A company should advertise everything to survive.

27.According to the author，whether we’ll go to a place or not depends on __________ .

A.media advertising B.department store display window

C.word.of.mouth advertising D.the business fame

28.Why are we more likely to tell more of our friends about unsatisfied experiences with a business than satisfied ones?

A.Because we aren’t inclined to have a negative feeling.

B.Because we often feel negative emotions more intensely.

C.Because we seem to feel more intensely.

D.Because we often hear people express their negative emotions.

29.According to the author，when you do a really outstanding job in service，you will __________ .

A.build a bad reputation

B.break the link with your customer

C.get a positive word—of-mouth advertising for your business

D.earn big money

30.What’S the meaning of the word“defection”(Last Line，Para.6)?

A.Customers’betrayal. B.Service defects.

C.Customers’protection.D.Service advertisin9.

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