Passage Three

Everyone is exposed to it，SO naturally some people will imitate what they see on TV，what they read in the newspapers and what they witness every day.It is better to prevent violence than to try to stop it·Dentists tell you to brush your teeth to prevent cavities SO they won’t have to fill the cavity later.People and lawmakers all over the world realize this.The next question is，“How do you prevent violence from happening?’’

To answer this question，you may ask yourself，“What causes violence?”Guns are deftnitelv something used in acts of violence，but just about anything will d0.Bare hands are often the weapons.What we have to do is to work together as a community and make violence wrong but not to tolerate.We’ve got to find a better solution than jails，and we’ve got to do it now.It’s not something that can wait.The message“Violence is wron9’’has got to be everywhere you look on TV，on street signs，buses，radi0，in every kind of language—English，Spanish，French，Hebrew， you name it，SO that it can reach all kinds of people.People need to be c001.Violence needs to be labeled as foolish.It cannot be machismo(大男子气概)and toughness.

We can reach people in all kinds of ways.Little reminders that“Violence is wrong”can show up in any way，shape or form： chain letters， a million dollars to anyone who can make a video showing 30 acts of kindness，flyers， newspaper ads， contests in schools a free TV ad to the most peace—loving company and much more.To do S0，lots of people have to be willing to work together and break the cycle.

21.The pronoun“it”in the first paragraph referg specifically to __________ .

A.TV program

B.violence

C.newspaper articles

D.what they see every day

22.What do lawmakers all over the world realize?

A.They realize the importance of brushing teeth every day.

B.They realize how important it is to prevent cavities.

C.They realize that it is more important to prevent violence from happenin9.

D.They realize that trying to stop crime is as important as the prevention of crime.

23.According to the passage，what is the total solution to violence?

A.Strict control on the possession of guns.

B.Strict sentences.

C.To put those who commit crimes into prison.

D.To make everyone aware that wiolence is wron9.

24.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to remind people of the concept “Violence is wron9”?

A.Ads in newspapers.

B.Three—minute free ads on TV.

C.Chain letters.

D.Contests in schools.

25.We can learn from the passage that __________ .

A.it is urgent to spread the word that violence is wrong

B.willingness to Cooperate is the key to the prevention of street crimes

C.the author seems to preach non—violence against crimes

D.it is difficult to identify the causes of violence

Passage Four

According to psychologists(心理学家)，all emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good.When a person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him，we call this emotion fear.If the person wants to remove the danger by attacking it，we call the emotion anger.The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think something can help US.An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world.It can be created by a person’S thoughts.

Everyone has emotions.Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions.They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write.A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain sauatmns because ot an emotion.

Psychologists think that there are two types of emotions：positive and negative.Positive emotions include love，likin9，joy，delight and hope.They are aroused by something that appeals to a person.Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfied.They include anger，fear， despair，sadness and disgust.In growing up，a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in

order to be happy. Emotions may be weak or strong.Some strong emotions are SO unpleasant that a person will try any means to escape from them.In order to feel happy，the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion.Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems.They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doin9.For example，a student taking an examination may be SO worried about failing that he cannot think properly.The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for the examination.

26.We learn from the passage that an emotion is created by something __________ .

A.one thinks bad or good B.one feels in danger

C.one faces in the outside world D.one tries to escape from real life

27.Which of the following is NOT true?

A.Children learn emotions as they grow up.

B.Babies are born with emotions.

C.Emotions fall into two types in general.

D.People can cope with the negative emotions in life.

28.The author’S purpose of writing this passage is to __________ .

A.explain why people have emotions

B.show how people avoid the negative emotions

C.explain what people should do before emotions

D.define and classify people’S emotions

29.We can safely conclude that a student may fail in an exam if __________ .

A.he cannot think properly

B.he can’t pay attention to it

C.he is not worried

D.he is not full of energy

30.As used in the last sentence，the word“drains”probably means __________ .

A.helps

B.ties

C.weakens

D.strengthens

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