Passage 3

"Equal pay for equal work" is a phrase used by the American women who feel that they are unfair-ly treated by society. They say it is not right for women to be paid less than men for the same work.

Some people say men have more duties than women. A married man is thought to earn money to support his family and to make the important decision, so it is right for them to be paid more.

Some are even against married women working at all. When wives go out to work, they say, the home and children are given no attention to. If women are encouraged by equal pay to take full-time jobs, they will be unable to do the things they are best at doing: making a nice home and bringing up children.

Women who disagree say they want to escape from the limited place which society wishes them to fill and to have freedom to choose between work and home life, or a mixture of the two.

Women have the right not only to equal pay but also to equal chances.

26. The women use the phrase "equal pay for equal work" to ask society to__________.

A. pay men less than women

B. give women harder work

C. pay men and women the same amount of money for the same work

D. pay people more who do harder work

27. Some people believe that__________.

A. women can' t do what men can

B. men have to work much harder than women

C. men can earn money more easily than women

D. men' s duties are different from women' s

28. Some people holding even stronger opinions say that__________.

A. women should be kind to their husbands

B. women are too weak to take full-time jobs

C. home is the best pace for women

D. women should only take part-time jobs

29. The women who disagree say that__________.

A. women need chances to go out of the home more often

B. women want more freedom in deciding what kind of life they want

C. women are no longer interested in taking care of their homes

D. if women are given equal pay, they can do everything instead of men

30. According to this passage some women want to give up__________.

A. their present position in society

B. their marriage

C. their right to equal pay

D. their home life

Passage 4

We all know that DNA has the ability to identify individuals but, because it is inherited, there are also regions of the DNA strand which can relate an individual to his or her family ( immediate and extended), tribal group and even an entire population. Molecular Genealogy (宗谱学) can use this unique identification provided by the genetic markers to link people together into family trees.

Pedigrees(家谱) based on such genetic markers can mean a breakthrough for family trees where information is incomplete or missing due to adoption, illegitimacy or lack of records. There are many communities and populations which have lost precious records due to tragic events such as the fire in the Irish courts during Civil War in 1921 or American slaves for whom many records were never kept in the first place.

The main objective of the Molecular Genealogy Research Group is to build a database contai-ning over 100,000 DNA samples from individuals all over the word. These individuals will have provided a pedigree chart of at least four generations and a small blood sample. Once the database has enough samples to represent the world genetic make-up, it will eventually help in solving may issues regarding genealogies that could not be done by relying only on traditional written records.

Theoretically, any individual will someday be able to trace his or her family origins through this database.

In the meantime, as the database is being created, molecular genealogy can already verify pos-sible or suspected relationships between individuals. "For example, if two men sharing the same last name believe that they are related, but no written record proves this relationship, we can verify this possibility by collecting a sample of DNA from both and looking for common markers( in this case we can look primarily at the Y chromosome(染色体) ," explains Ugo Perego, a member of the BYU Molecular Genealogy research team.

31. People in a large area may possess the same DNA thread because__________.

A. DNA is characteristic of a region

B. they are beyond doubt of common ancestry

C. DNA strand has the ability to identify individuals

D. their unique identification can be provided via DNA

32. The possible research of family trees is based on the fact that__________.

A. genetics has achieved a breakthrough

B. genetic information contained in DNA can be revealed now

C. each individual carries a unique record of who he is and how he is related to others

D. we can use DNA to prove how distant an individual is to a family, a group or a population

33. The Molecular Genealogy Research Group is building a database for the purpose of__________.

A. offering assistance in working out genealogy-related problems

B. solving many issues without relying on traditional written records

C. providing a pedigree chart of at least four generations in the world

D. confirming the assumption that all individuals are of the same origin

34. If two men suspected for some reason they have a common ancestor,__________.

A. we can decide according to their family tree

B. we can find the truth from their genetic markers

C. we can compare the differences in their Y chromosome

D. we can look for written records to prove their relationship

35. Which of the following CANNOT be inferred from the passage?

A. We are a walking, living, breathing record of our ancestors.

B. Many American slaves did not know who their ancestors were.

C. An adopted child generally lacks enough information to prove his identity.

D. Molecular Genealogy can be used to prove a relationship between individuals.

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