There was one thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and heavy automobile traffic. At present, we realize that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy_cloud of air pollution has covered the east of the United States and brought health warnings in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may he infected by air pollution. Some scien- tists consider that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) is creating a "greenhouse effect"--conserving heat reflected from the earth and raising the world' s average temperature. If this view is correct and the world' s tempera- ture is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be in water.
　　Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particular matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth' s temperature--a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age, and would make agri-culture difficult or impossible in many of our top fanning areas. Today we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen (though one recent government report drafted by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very possible). Perhaps, if we are lucky enough, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world' s temperature will stay about the same as it is now.
　　第16题 As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution __________
　　A.caused widespread damage in the countryside
　　B.affected the entire eastern half of the United States
　　C.had damaging effect on health
　　D.existed merely in urban and industries areas
　　答案：D
　　第17题 As to the greenhouse effect, the author __________
　　A.shares the same view with the scientists
　　B.is uncertain of its occurrence
　　C.rejects it as being ungrounded
　　D.thinks that it will destroy the world soon
　　答案：B
　　第18题 The word "offset" in the second paragraph could be replaced by. __________
　　A.slip into B.make up for
　　C.set up D.catch up with
　　答案：B
　　第19题 It can be concluded that __________
　　A.raising the world' s temperature only a few degrees would not do much harm to life on earth
　　B.lowering the world' s temperature merely a few degrees would lead many major farming areas to disaster
　　C.almost no temperature variations have occurred over the past decade
　　D.the world' s temperature will remain constant in the years to come
　　答案：B
　　第20题 This passage is primarily about __________
　　A.the greenhouse effect
　　B.the burning of fossil fuels
　　C.the potential effect of air pollution
　　D.the likelihood of a new ice age
　　答案：C

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