The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discu-ssion among economists.It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited.To feed a large population，inferior land must be cultivated and the good land worked intensively.Thus，each person produces.1ess and this means a lower average income than could be obtained with a smaller population.Other economists have argued that a large population gives more scope for specialization and the development of facilities such as ports，roads and railways，which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to justify them.One of the difficulties in carrying out a world-wide birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth val了from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials.In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food，space and natural resources，it will be the first concern of government to place a limit on the birthrate.Whatever the consequences may be.In the highly industrialized society the problem may be more Com-plex.A decreasing birth rate may lead tp unemployment because it results in a declining market for manufactured goods.When the pressure of population on housing declines，prices also decline and the building industry is weakened.Faced with considerations such as these，the government of a developed country may well prefer to see a slowly increasing population，rather than one which iS stable or in decline.
　　第16题 A smaller population may mean__________ .
　　A.higher productivity，but a lower average income
　　B.lower productivity，but a higher average income
　　C.lower productivity，and a lower average income
　　D.higher productivity，and a higher average income
　　答案：D
　　第17题 According to the passage，a large population will provide a chance for developing__________ .
　　A.agriculture B.transport system C.industry D.national economy
　　答案：B
　　第18题 In a developed country，people will perhaps go out of work if the‘birthrate
　　A.goes up B.is decreasing C.remains stable D.is out of control
　　答案：B
　　第19题 According to the passage，slowly rising birthrate perhaps is good for__________ .
　　A.a developed nation B.a developing nation
　　C.every nation with a big population D.every nation with a small population
　　答案：A
　　第20题 It is no easy job to carry out a general plan for birth control throughout the world because__________ .
　　A.there are too many underdeveloped countries in the world
　　B.underdeveloped countries have low level of industrial development
　　C.different governments have different views about the problem
　　D.even developed countries may have complex problems
　　答案：C

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