根据短文内容，回答下面试题。
　　Television has changed the lifestyle of people in every industrialized country in the world. In the United States, where sociologists have studied the effects, some interesting observations have been made.
　　Television, although not essential, has become an important part of most people' s lives. It alters people's ways of seeing the world; in many ways, it supports and sustains (维持)modem life.
　　Television has become a baby-sitter, an introducer of conversations, the major transmitter of culture and a keeper of tradition. Yet when what can be seen on TV in one day is critically analyzed, it becomes evident that television is not a teacher but a sustainer; the poor quality of programming does not elevate(提高) people into greater understanding, but rather maintains. and encourages the life as it exists.
　　The primary reason for the lack of quality in American television is related to both the history of TV programming development and the economics of TV. Television in America began with the radio. Radio companies and their sponsors first experimented with television. Therefore, the close relationship which the advertisers had with radio programs became the system for American TV.
　　Sponsors not only paid money for time within programs, but many actually produced the programs.
　　Thus, in American society, television is primarily concerned with reflecting and attracting society rather than experimenting with new ideas. Advertisers want to attract the largest viewing audience possible. To do so requires that the programs be entertaining rather than educational, attractive rather than challenging.
　　Television in America today remains, to a large extent, with the same organization and standards as it had thirty years ago. The hope for further development and true achievement toward improving society will require a change in the entire system.
　　第21题　According to the author, American television is poor in quality because__________.
　　A.advertisers are interested in experimenting with new ideas
　　B.it is still at an early stage of development, compared with the radio
　　C.the programs have to be developed in the interests of the sponsors for economic reasons
　　D.it is controlled by radio companies
　　答案：C
　　第22题　The second paragraph is mainly about__________.
　　A.TV as the sustainer of American life
　　B.TV as the major transmitter of culture
　　C.the educational effect of TV on society
　　D.the strong influence and the poor quality of American TV
　　答案：A
　　第23题　In the author' s view American TV should__________.
　　A.be critical but entertaining　　B.be creative and educational
　　C.change with the development of society　　D.attract as many viewers as possible
　　答案：B
　　第24题　The author believes that television in the United States has become important to most people be-cause__________.
　　A.it promotes family unity　　B.it helps them develop their speaking ability
　　C.it affects their life in many ways　　D.it challenges society
　　答案：C
　　第25题　The author' s attitude towards American television is__________.
　　A.critical　　B.praising　　C.doubtful　　D.sympathetic
　　答案：A
　　根据短文内容，回答下面试题。
　　Washington Irving was America' s first man of letters to be known internationally. His works were received enthusiastically both in England and in the United States. He was, in fact, one of the most successful writers of his time in the country, and at the same time winning the admiration of fellow writers like Scott in Britain and Poe and Hawthorne in the United States. The respect in which he was held partly owing to the man himself, with his warm friendliness, his good sense, his urbanity, his gay spirits, his artistic integrity, his love of both the Old World and the New.
　　Thackeray described Irving as "a gentleman, who, though himself born in no very high sphere, was most finished, polished, witty; socially the equal of the most refined Europeans. " In England he was granted an honorary degree from Oxford--an unusual honor for a citizen of a young, uncultured nation-and he received the medal of the Royal Society of Literature. America made him ambassador to Spain.
　　Irving' s background provides little to explain his literary achievements. A gifted but delicate child, he had little schooling. He studied law, but without zeal, and never did practice seriously.
　　He was immune to his strict Presbyterian home environment, frequenting both social gatherings and the theater.
　　第26题　The main point of the first paragraph is that Washington Irving was__________.
　　A.America' s first man of letters
　　B.a writer who had great success both in and outside his own country
　　C.a man who was able to move from literature to politics
　　D.a man whose personal charm enabled him to get by with basically inferior work
　　答案：B
　　第27题　What is implied by the mention of Scott, Poe and Hawthorne?
　　A.Irving enjoyed great popular admiration.
　　B.Scott, Poe and Hawthorne were primarily responsible for Irving' s success.
　　C.Irving' s work was not only popular, but also of high literary quality.
　　D.More Americans than Britons admired Irving.
　　答案：C
　　第28题　Which of the following best describes the effect of Irving' s Presbyterian background on his life?
　　A.It fostered his love for the theater.　　B.It developed his skill in business.
　　C.It prompted his interest in law.　　D.It had almost no effect on his life.
　　答案：D
　　第29题　Which of the following best describes the effect of Irving' s personal qualities on his literary success ?
　　A.His personal qualities were entirely responsible for his literary success.
　　B.His personal qualities were primarily responsible for his literary success.
　　C.His personal qualities had some effects on his literary success.
　　D.His personal qualities had no effects on his literary success.
　　答案：C
　　第30题　Why might Irving' S literary ability have been surprising to the English?
　　A.They. feared competition from American writers.
　　B.They did not expect the United States to produce good writers.
　　C.They disapproved of the language American writers used.
　　D.They thought of the United States as a purely commercial power.
　　答案：B

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