贵州2018年成人学位英语考试预测试题及答案一
二、词汇和语法(21-30)
21.The firm will have to step _____ production if it is to defeat its competitors.
A. off
B. in
C. out
D. up
Best Answer: D
详解:应选D项。
step up意为“提高,加快”;step off意为“开步走,步量(距离)”;step in意为“介入,干涉;参加进来(帮忙)”;step out意为“走出去”。
22.The current political _____ of our country is favorable for foreign investments.
A. climate
B. weather
C. temperature
D. state
Best Answer: A
详解:应选A项。climate(可数名词)意为“(一个地区或一个时期总的)气候”;weather意为“(指每日每时的晴阴,温度)天气”;state意为“状况,状态”。
23.Faced with rapid inflation and _____ international and home markets, many firms have declared bankrupt.
A. lessening
B. shortening
C. shrinking
D. withdrawing
答案:C)
考查近义动词的语义辨析。各选项的意思及用法分别是:选项A)lessening减少,减轻,侧重指程度、重要性等的减轻。如:The defeat lessened our chances of winning the championship. 此次失败使我们夺冠的希望变得更加渺茫。lessen the burden of减轻负担;选项B)shortening缩短,变短,如The days are beginning to shorten. 天开始变短了。shorten the gap between 缩小……之间的差距;选项C)shrinking 使收缩,缩小,减少,侧重指尺寸、大小等的变小。如:The number of students attending the lecture has shrunk. 听讲座的学生人数减少了。Will this soap shrink woolen clothes? 这种肥皂会使羊毛衣服缩水吗?选项D)withdrawing收回,撤退,撤销,如:After awhile, he withdrew his proposal. 过了一会儿,他撤回了他的提议。根据题意可判断出选项C)应为正确答案。全句意思是“面对通货膨胀和日益缩小的国际国内市场,许多公司都已宜布破产”。
24.We'd better eliminate junk foods from our kitchen and keep a variety of high-quality foods _____ at all times.
A. available
B. desirable
C. enormous
D. numerous
答案:A)考查形容词语义环境。四个选项的意思分别是:选项A)available现成可使用的,在手边的,可利用的;选项B)desirable称心如意的,值得有的,如I envy Jane because her job is so desirable. 我很羡慕简,因为她有一份很称心的工作。选项C)enormous巨大的,极大的,庞大的;选项D)numerous许多的,很多的,如:This is a conclusion he has drawn from numerous facts. 这是他从很多事实当中得出的结论。根据题干可判断出选项A)应为正确答案。全句的意思为“我们应清除厨房里的垃圾食品,而使各种高质量的食物随手可及”。
25.Some concepts may be difficult to grasp chiefly because they may be unfamiliar or _____ ideas, opinions which we already hold.
A. in accordance with
B. in conflict with
C. in favor of
D. in response to
答案:B)
考查介词短语的语义。四个选项的意思分别是:选项A)in accordance with依照,根据;选项B)in conflict with与……相冲突;选项C)in favor of支持,赞同;选项D)in response to作为对……的反应。根据题意可判断出选项B)为正确答案。全句的意思为“一些观念很难让人领会主要是因为我们对其不熟悉或者是因为与我们原有的观点相矛盾”。
26.The city government has determined to get _____ with people who try to escape paying taxes.
A. rough
B. tough
C. rigid
D. bold
答案:B)。考查形容词语义及搭配。能与介词with搭配的只有选项B)tough,get tough with/on sb.意为“对……采取坚决态度;对……采用强硬手段”。其余选项的意思分别是:选项A)rough意为“粗糙的;粗野的,粗暴的;粗略的,大致的”;选项C)rigid(行为观点等)严格的,死板的,不易改变的;选项D)bold意为“勇敢的,无畏的;冒失的,鲁莽的”。全句的意思是“政府部门决心采取强硬手段来惩治偷税人员”。
27.As a result of careless washing, the jacket _____ to a child's size.
A.compressed
B.shrank
C.dropped
D.decreased
答案:C. 这是一道近义词辨析题。compress意为“压缩(便于置于小的空间)”;shrink意为“(使)收缩、(使)缩(指布漫湿之后收缩),(e.g.)Those jeans will shrink in the wash…drop意为“滴下、落下”;decrease意为“减少、减小”。
28.You have nothing to _____ by refusing to listen to our advice.
A.gain
B.grasp
C.seize
D.earn
答案:A. 词汇测试题。gain,意为“获得,赢得”;seize,意为“抓住、捉住”;grasp,意为“掌握、理解、抓紧”;earn,意为“赚得,拿得”。
29.A _____ to this problem is expected to be found before long.
A.result
B.response
C.settlement
D.solution
答案:D. 词汇考查题。result(n.)意为“结果,效果,成绩等”;response意为“回答,反应”;settlement意为“(问题的)解答,解决方式或方法”。
30.The newcomers found it impossible to _____ themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.
A.suit
B.adapt
C.regulate
D.coordinate
答案:B. 本题是一道词汇考查题。suit意为“使满意,适应”,(e.g.),Does the climate suit you? adapt 意为“使适应,改编,改写”,(e.g.)you must adapt yourself to new condition. regulate意为“调节,标准(仪器,机械)”;coordinate意为“调和,协调”。
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