Extensive new studies suggest that the world has made extraordinary progress in reduc-ing poverty in recent decades.The research suggests that the pace of economic progress has been rapid and continued for decades, built on the foundations of relative political stability,rising trade,and economic liberalization ( 自由化) after two world wars.One new study,published recently by the Institute for International Economics in Washington, finds that the proportion of the 6.1 billion people in the world who live on $1 a day or less shrank from 63 percent in 1950 to 35 percent in 1980 and 12 percent in 1999.By some other measures,the progress has been more modest.Still ,economists agree that poverty has plunged in key na-tions such as India and especially China, thanks to slowing population growth as well as eco-nomic freedom."This is a huge success for the world as a whole , "says Harvard University economist Richard Cooper."We are doing something right."

The news comes as the World Bank is about to open its annual meeting in Washington--an event that has been troubled in recent years by protests that the Bank and its sister insti-tution, the International Monetary Fund (IMF国际货币基金组织), have done too little for the world′s poor.The new economic research will not put an end to that dispute.Vast pop-ulations remain poor,and many still question the wisdom of World Bank policies.Nonethe-less, the research findings are helpful to understand what policies should be followed by those institutions and hundreds of other development groups working very hard to hasten the pace of world economic progress.If dramatic gains are under way, the present policies—calling for open markets, free business activities,and tight monetary control--are working and cor-rect.

But critics of IMF and World Bank policies maintain that such economic success stories as Japan,China,South Korea and Singapore are rooted in more than just "free" markets.

These nations have managed to grow rapidly, and thereby reduce poverty by limiting imports when their domestic industries were young, pushing exports to rich nations, and putting con-trols on purely international financial flows.They have been open to foreign-owned factories but have often insisted that those investors share the knowledge and skill on modem technol-ogies.

11.The word"plunged"in the firs paragraph means__________.

A."decreased"

B."climbed"

C."increased"

D."dropped into water"

答案：A

12.From the passage,we learn that__________.

A.World Bank has done nothing to help the poor in the world

B.IMF only helps the rich in the world

C.World Bank controls all the banks in the world

D.there are some demonstrations against World Bank in recent years

答案：D

13.According to this passage,in __________ , the world had the largest number of poor people.

A.1999

B.1980

C.1950

D.1990

答案：C

14.According to the author, the economy of East Asian countries grew very fast because of the following measures EXCEPT__________.

A.encouraging export

B.opening up to foreign investments

C.limiting international financial flows

D.controlling import

答案：B

15.The best title for this passage might be__________.

A.China's Contribution to the Reduction of Poverty in the World

B.World Bank's Extraordinary Progress in Recent Decades

C.India's Leading Role in Reducing Global Poverty

D.Global Progress in Reducing Poverty

答案：D

Water problem in the future will become more intense and more complex.Our increas-ing population will tremendously increase urban wasters, primarily sewage.On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for processing wasters.Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volume of liquid wasters,and many of these will con-tain chemicals which are noxious.To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified.This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals.

From this, it is apparent that serious steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.

There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be settled.The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution danger.This involves the processing of solid wasters prior to disposal and the treatment of liquid wasters to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.

A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes.Farm manure (肥料) is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement.Wastes from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained.

Wastes from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water.

Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts.Other industries are exploring potential econom-ic uses for their waste products.

16.The purpose of this passage is__________.

A.to acquaint the reader with water pollution problems

B.to alert the reader the dwindling water supply

C.to explain industrial uses of water

D.to demonstrate various uses of water

答案：A

17.Which of the following points is NOT included in the passage?

A.Expanding industries need larger volume of water.

B.Demands for water will go up along with the expanding population.

C.Intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals.

D.Industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemical processing.

答案：D

18.The phrase "prior to" in Paragraph 2 probably means__________.

A."during"

B."after"

C."before"

D."beyond"

答案：C

19.The reader can conclude that__________.

A.countries of the world will work together on pollution problems

B.some industries are now making economic use of wastes

C.byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace

D.science is making great progress on increasing water supplies

答案：B

20.The author gives substance to the passage through the use of__________.

A.interviews with authorities in the field of water controls

B.definitions which clarify important terms

C.opinions and personal observations

D.strong arguments and persuasions

答案：C

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