二、阅读理解(11-30)

Education is broadly divided into general and special education; our topic now is the difference and the relationship between the two. The term, general education, is somewhat vague and colorless; it does not mean some airy education in knowledge in general (if there be such knowledge), nor does it mean education for all in the sense of universal education. It is used to indicate that part of a student's whole education which look first of all to his life as a responsible human being and citizen, while the term, special education, indicates that part which looks to the student's competence in some occupation. These two sides of life are not entirely separable; and it would be false to imagine education for the one as quite distinct from education for the other. Clearly, general education has somewhat the meaning of liberal education. If one clings to the root meaning of liberal as that which benefits or helps to make free men, then general and liberal education have identical goals.

It is most unfortunate if we envisage general education as something formless-that is to say. the taking of one course after another; and as something negative, namely, the study of what is not in a field of concentration. Just as we regard the courses in concentration as having definite relations to one another, so should we envisage general education as an organic whole whose parts in expounding a ruling idea and in serving a common aim. It may be objected that we are proposing to limit the liberty of the student in the very name of liberal education. Such an objection would only indicate an ambiguity in the conception of liberal education. We must distinguish between liberalism in education and education in the liberalism. The former, based as it is on the doctrine of individualism, expresses the view that the student should be free in his choice of courses. But education in liberalism is an altogether different matter; it is education which has a pattern associated with the liberal outlook. In this view, there are truths which none can be free to ignore, if one is to have that wisdom through which life can become useful. These are the truths concerning the structure of the good life and concerning the factual conditions by which it may be achieved, truths comprising the goals of the free society.

11.What is the main idea of the passage?

A.Difference and relationship between general and special education.

B.Difference and relationship between general and liberal education.

C.Difference and relationship between liberalism in education and education in liberalism.

D.All of the above.

答案： D

详解：答案D.从本文句看出，原文首先谈及普通教育与特殊教育的关系与区别;原文段末尾谈及普通教育与自由教育的联系;接着第二段谈及这两者的区别;原文第二段第五句作者言道“我们必须区分开教育中的自由主义与自由教育”，由该句可推论出这二者之间必有其相关与不同之处，因此才须区分。D项正确。

12.According to the author, what does the term "general education" mean?

A.Education for making students become responsible.

B.Education for making students become competent in any occupation.

C.Education for making students study courses freely.

D.Education for making students study useful things in our society.

答案： A

详解：答案A.从原文第三句可知，普通教育这一术语是用来指出通过这种教育，使学生成为有责任感的人。A项选项符合原文;B项、C项、D项与原文不符。

13. What is the relationship between general and special education?

A.Both general and special education make students study universal knowledge.

B.Both general and special education make students become free.

C.Both general and special education look to the future life of students.

D.Both general and special education have some limitation.

答案： C

详解：答案C.从原文段可知，普通教育的目的在于将学生变成有责任感的人;特殊教育是使学生对于将来所从事的某种工作有胜任能力。C项正确。

14. What does the word "namely" mean?

A.The word something or someone is called.

B.That is to say.

C.An offensive title for someone.

D.The opinion others have of someone.

答案： B

详解：答案B.在第二段的句话里，作者说“如果我们把普通教育想象为是无形的或是具有负面影响的话，这就是不幸的。”作者在formless and negative后分别用that is to say和namely对其作进一步的补充说明。根据猜词技巧，namely即是that is to say，因此，选择B项。

15. What is the difference between liberalism in education and education in liberalism?

A.They have different stands.

B.They have different purposes

C.They have different conditions.

D.They have different objects.

答案： A

详解：答案A。从原文第二段的后半部分可知，教育中的自由主义是基于个人主义学说;而自由主义教育则是与自由观点相联系的教育模式;其立足点不同。A.项符合原文;B项、C项、D项与原文不符。

It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modem life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule.

Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most coolheaded and good tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand , a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today.

However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway;or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.

A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modem motorists can't even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of roadsmanship. Year ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.

16.According to this passage, troubles on the mad are primarily caused by______.

A. people's attitude towards the mad-hog

B. the rhythm of modem life

C. the behavior of the driver

D. traffic conditions

答案： A

详解：答案A。根据段句话，It is all very well…, but…这一结构是用实际和提议相比时用来表示不满的词语，意思是“…好是很好，可是…”。由此可知，作者显然在这里谈论的观点是but之后的意思：责怪交通拥挤，汽油费用和当代生活的快节奏对是对，可是道路上的礼貌问题变得很令人可怕。因此B、D两项不正确。根据这段第三句，人们或许能容忍road-hog，故A项不正确。

17.The sentence "You might tolerate the odd road-hog…the rude."(Para. 1) implies that ________.

A. our society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists

B. rude drivers can be met only occasionally

C. he well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hog

D. nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists

答案： D

详解：答案D.这里road-hog是指妨碍其他车辆行驶的司机。这句话是说，你可能会容忍古怪的妨碍其他车辆行驶， 即粗暴又不顾别人的司机，可是如今有礼貌的司机只是个别例外。言外之意不懂礼貌的司机是常见的。因此B.C两项不正确。作者并未提及社会对有礼貌的司机不公平，因此A项也不正确。

18. By“good sense”in paragraph 2, the writer means _______.

A. the driver's ability to understand and react reasonably

B. the driver's prompt response to difficult and severe conditions.

C. the driver's tolerance of rude or even savage behavior

D. the driver's acknowledgement of politeness and regulations

答案： A

详解：答案A.根据文章第二段，作者认为good sense包括两方面的含义：既要对别人礼貌，对别人的不礼貌行为要保持冷静头脑;又要意识到别人对自己的礼貌照顾，并对此作出反应，如友好的点一下头或招手示意。B项不是全文讨论内容。C项只是good sense的一个具体体现，不是其真正含义，故均不正确。D项中的regulations(交通规则)全文并未提及，故也不对。

19. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, ______.

A. road users should make more sacrifice

B. drivers should be ready to yield to each other

C. drivers should have more communication among themselves

D. drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others

答案： B

详解：答案B.根据后一段倒数第二句，专家忠告说随着路上汽车数量的大增，司机应该相让(give-and-take)。A项说司机作出更大牺牲，不符合题意。C项本文未涉及。D项说不尊重他人的后果，也不正确。

20.In the writer's opinion, ______.

A. strict traffic regulations are badly needed

B. drivers should apply road politeness properly

C. rude drivers should be punished

D. drivers should avoid traffic jams

答案： B

详解：答案B.全文讨论的是道路上的礼貌问题，文中第三段着重讨论了礼貌用的不恰当也会很危险这一观点，并举例来说明，这与B项观点吻合。文中并未提及交通法规和粗鲁司机要受惩罚，故A.C两项不对。从全文看，作者认为司机要有礼貌，互谅互让，故D项也不对。

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