点击进入在线测试：2016年5月北京成人学位英语考试真题及答案解析

Directions:There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some ques-tions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.

The California lawmakers voted Thursday to raise the legal age to buy tobacco products from 18 to 21. The measure is part of a larger package of laws aimed at reducing tobacco use. If Gover-nor Jerry Brown signs the bill, California will become the second state, after Hawaii, to raise the age limit for buying cigarettes and other tobacco products. More than 100 cities in the U. S., inclu-ding New York and Boston, have already raised the age limit.

A week ago, the Caiifomia Assembly approved the measure, which--in addition to raising the age limit--treats electronic cigarettes the same as tobacco products, expands smoke-free areas, in-creases smoking bans and allows counties to collect higher taxes on cigarettes than the 87-cent per pack state tax. The Assembly' s vote came a few days after the city of San Francisco increased the age to buy tobacco products to 21.

California lawmakers passed the bill despite lobbying (游说)from tobacco interests. The meas-ure also faced opposition from many Republicans, who said the state should not be involved in po-licing people' s personal choices. "I don' t smoke. I don' t encourage my children to," said Re-publican Assemblyman Donald Wagner. "But they' re adults, and it' s our job to treat our citizens as adults. "

But supporters of the bill say raising the age to 21 moves legally purchased tobacco that much farther from younger kids. " This will save the medical system millions of dollars," said Democratic Assemblyman Jim Wood. ( 76 ) "It will save thousands of lives. " A 2015 study by the Institute of Medicine "found that if the minimum legal age to buy tobacco were raised to 21 nation-wide, tobacco use would drop by 12 percent by the time today' s teens reached adulthood. In addi-tion, there would be 223,000 fewer premature ( 过早的) deaths and 50,000 fewer deaths from lung cancer. "

第1题 Which of the following is the first state to raise smoking age to 21?

A.California.

B.Hawaii.

C.New York.

D.Washington.

答案：B

解析：【内容概要】

本文介绍了加州通过了将合法购买烟草的年龄从18岁提高到21岁的法案。加州是全美第二个做此决定的州。文中列出了正反两面的意见，也给出了研究所的调查结论。

【译文】

加州立法议员在周四投票决定将合法购买烟草的年龄从18岁提高到21岁。这项规定是一系列致力于减少烟草消耗法律法规中的一部分。如果杰瑞?布朗州长签署了这项法案，加州成为继夏威夷之后第二个提高购买香烟和其他烟草产品合法年龄的州。包括纽约和波士顿在内，美国已经有超过100个城市提高了年龄标准。

一周前，加州立法委员会通过了这项措施。除了提高年龄限制之外，该法案将电子香烟视为与烟草产品同等的存在，扩大了禁烟区的范围，提高了禁烟令，并且允许各镇对香烟征收高于每包87美分的州级标准税额。加州立法委员会的投票是在旧金山将合法购买烟草产品的年龄提高到21岁之后几天进行的。

尽管烟草利益相关者进行了游说，加州立法议员仍然通过了这项法案。但该措施仍面临着许多共和党人的反对。这些共和党人声称州政府不应该用政策干涉群众的个人选择。“我不抽烟。我也不鼓励我的孩子抽烟，”共和党立法会成员唐纳德?瓦格纳说，“但是他们是成人，我们应该将市民当成成人来对待。”

然而，法案的支持者认为将合法购买烟草产品的年龄提高到21岁将让年轻人远离烟草。“这将为医疗系统节省上百万美元的支出，”民主党立法会成员吉姆?伍德说，“它会拯救上千万人的生命。”医学研究所2015年的一项研究“表明如果全国范围内将法定购买烟草年龄提高到21岁，那么今天的青少年在迈入成年的时候，烟草的消耗量将降低l2%。除此之外，

22.3万人将免于过早死亡，5万人将免于肺癌。”

【精解精析】

【定位】段第三句话“…California will become me second stme，after Hawaii，to raise the age lirnjt for buying cigarettes alld otller tobacco products.”。

【答案详解】细节题。题干问的是“哪个是个提高吸烟年龄到21岁的州?”根据定位句“加州将成为继夏威夷之后第二个提高购买香烟和其他烟草产品合法年龄的州”可以推断加州是第二个州，而夏威夷是个州，故选B。

第2题 The California law includes all the following measures EXCEPT__________.

A.enlarging no-smoking areas

B.allowing counties .to collect higher taxes on cigarettes

C.increasing smoking bans

D.punishing parents who encourage their children to smoke

答案：D

解析：【定位】第二段句话“…treats electronic cigarettes the same as tobacco products，ex-pallds smoke-free areas，increases smoking bans and allows counties to collect lligher taxes…”。

【答案详解】细节题。题干问的是“下列哪项规定不在加州法律范围内?”定位句指出加州法律范围内有四条附加规定，分别是将电子香烟视为与烟草产品同等的存在，扩大了禁烟区的范围(A项)，提高了禁烟令(C项)，并且允许各镇对香烟征收高税(B项)。由此可知，D项“对鼓励孩子抽烟的父母进行惩罚”不属于加州法律范围。故选D。

第3题 The word policing in Paragraph 3 probably means__________.

A.enriching

B.controlling

C.understanding

D.protecting

答案：B

解析：【定位】第三段第二句话“…who said the state should not be involved in policing people’s personal choices.”。

【答案详解】词汇题。题干问的是“第三段中的policing的意思是?”根据定位句“…州政府不应policing人们的个人选择”可知，policing和政府行为有关，即用政策(policy)进行干涉和控制。A项“丰富”;B项“控制”;C项“了解”;D项“保护”。只有B项符合句意，故选B。

第4题 Who is against the bill?

A.Governor Jerry Brown.

B.Assemblyman Donald Wagner.

C.Assemblyman Jim Wood.

D.The mayor of San Francisco.

答案：B

解析：【定位】第三段第二句话“The measure also faced opposition from many Republicans，…”和第三句话“…said Republican Assemblyman Donald Wagner.”。

【答案详解】细节题。题干问的是“谁反对这项法案?”定位句“该项法案遭到了许多共和党人的反对”以及“共和党人唐纳德?瓦格纳说”表明唐纳德?瓦格纳属于反对法案的人群。A项“州长杰瑞?布朗”;B项“立法委员唐纳德?瓦格纳”;C项“立法委员吉姆?伍德”;D项“旧金山市长”。故选B。

第5题 Which of the following is an appropriate title for the passage?

A.Calitbrnia Lawmakers Vote to Raise Smoking Age to 21

B.San Francisco Increased the Age to Buy Tobacco Products to 21

C.Hawaii Has Already Raised the Age Limit to Buy Tobacco

D.A California Bill Faces Opposition from Many Republicans

答案：A

解析：【定位】全文句话“The California lawmakers voted Thursday to raise the legal age to buy tobacco products from 18 to21.”;段第三句话“…Califomia will become the second state，after Hawaii，to raise the age limit for buying cigarettes and other tobacco products.”;第二段后一句话“The Assembly’s vote calrle a few days after the city of San Francisco in-creased the age to buy tobacco products to 21.”;第三段第二句话“The measure also faced op-position from many Republicans，…”。

【答案详解】综合分析题。题干问的是“下列哪个适合作为本文的标题?”根据定位句分别得出四个选项：A项“加州立法议员在周四投票决定将合法购买烟草的年龄从18岁提高到21岁。”;B项“加州立法委员会的投票是在旧金山将合法购买烟草产品年龄提高到21岁之后进行的。”;C项“加州将成为继夏威夷之后第二个提高购买香烟和其他烟草产品合法年龄的州”;D项“该项法案遭到了许多共和党人的反对”。B，C，D三个选项都是具体的表现并不能全面概括文章的主旨，故选A。

【高频词汇】

1.1egal aaj.法定的 2.approve v.同意，通过 3.despite prep.尽管，不管

4.purchase n.&v.购买 5.minimum adj.小的，的6.in addition to除…之外7.1ung cancer肺癌

【难句解析】

①A week ago，the California Assembly approved the measure，wllich-in addition to raising the age limit--treats electronic cigarettes the salne as tobacco products，expands smoke-free areas，increases smoking bans and allows counties to collect higher taxes on cigarettes than the 87-cent per lmck state tax.

本句整体上是一个which引导的定语从句，同时使用破折号和in addition to来引导插入语。句式的变换保证了句意的完整，也避免了表达的缺漏。

②But supporters of the bill say raising the age to 21 moves legally purchased tobacco that much farther from younger kids.

本句从句部分的主语是现在分词短语raising the age to21，谓语是动词词组move…from…，宾语为legally purchased tobacco。宾语部分的that可能会让人产生这也是一个宾语从句的误解，这里的that much实际上是一个词组，表示“那么”的意思。