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四、Reading Comprehension(60 points)
41、根据下列短文，回答41-60题。
　　A panel of government officials is worried．The air quality in some areas is not good．Theair is polluted with soot．The officials worry that the air is harmful to the people who breathethe air．The officials are expels．They study the environment．They diSCUSS ways to stop theair pollution．The panel decided to make，some changes to the law．
　　The mew plan places strict limits on how much soot call be released into the air．Now，ameasurement of 65 parts of soot is considered safe．The new plan would reduce that number to30．The daily limit of pollution in the air would be cut in half．
　　These new standards would affect industry．The limits would also affect people who ownwood stoves and fireplaces．The country will keep track of the air quality every day．Peoplewould be required to stop burning wood when the levels are high．They could also install a kindof special fireplace．These fireplaces burn very little wood．They do not pollute the air asmuch．Some countries will punish families who violate the ban．They will have to pay a fine fornot complying with the law．
　　Some states do not have much industry．Their pollution problem is not too bad．Theywould stiU have to regulate how much pollution is released into the air．The experts hope thatthis ban will help keep the air cleaner．
Before the plan becomes a law the public will have a chance to comment on it．Citizenswill have ninety days to ask questions and voice concerns about the plan．Then it will becomea law．
The panel is made up of________．
A．scientists
B．homeowners
C．citizens
D．factory owners


42、 How will the government know what the air quality is?
A．The factories will test the air every day．
B．Scientists will test it every day．
C．A report will be publised．
D．They will ask homeowners．


43、 What will happen to residents if they don’t comply with the law?
A．They will have to go to work in a factory．
B．They will have to pay a fine．
C．They will go to jajl for ninety days．
D．The government will take away their woodstove


44、 Why is the government asking for comments on the new rules?
A．Because it is trying to fool people．
B．Because it doesn’t know how to make rules．
C．Because it wants to be nice．
D．Because it wants to hear what the citizens have to say．


45、根据下列短文，回答45-64题。
　　There are various in which individual economic units Can interact with one another．Three basic ways may be described as the market system，the administered system and the traditional system．In a market system individual economic units are free to interact among each other in themarketplace．It is possible to buy commodities from other economic units or sell commodities tothem．In a market，transactions may take place via barter or money exchange．In a barter economy，real goods such as automobiles，shoes and pizzas are traded against each other．Obviously，finding somebody who wants to bade my old Car in exchange for a sailboat may not always bean easy task．Hence，the introduction of money as a medium of exchange eases transactions considerably．In the modern market economy，goods and services are bought or sold for money．
　　An alternative to the market system is administrative control by some agency over all trans．actions．This agency will issue edicts or commands as to how much of each good and service should be produced，exchanged，and consumed by each economic unit．Central 01anaing may beone way of administering such an economy．The central plan，drawn up by the government,shows the amounts of each commodity produced by the various firms and allocated to differenthouseholds for consumption．This is an example of complete planing of production，consump—tion，and exchange for the whole economy．
　　In a traditional society，production and consumption paUerns are governed by tradition：everyperson’S place within the economic system is fixed by parentage，religion and custom．　　　　　Transac—tions take place on the basis of tradition，too．People belonging to a certain group or caste mayhave an obligation to care for other persons，provide them with food and shelter，care for theirhealth，and provide for their education．Clearly，in a system where every decision is made on thebasis of tradition alone，progress may be difficult to achieve．A stagnant society may result．
What is main purpose of the passage?
A．To outline contrasting types of economy．
B．To explain the science of economics．
C．To argue for the superiority of one economics．
D．To compare barter and money exchange markets．


46、 In the second paragraph，the word“real”in“real goods”could best be replaced by which of the following?
A．“high quality”
B．“concrete”
C．“utter”
D．“authentic”


47、 According to the passage，a barter economy can lead to__________．
A．rapid speed of transaction
B．misunderstanding
C．inflation
D．difficulties for the traders


48、 According to the passage，who has the greatest degree of control in an administered system?
A．Individual households．
B．Small business．
C．Major corporations．
D．The government．


49、根据下列短文，回答49-68题。
　　Despite the fact that today viruses(病毒)are known to cause cancer in animals and incertain plants，there exists a great reluctance to accept viruses as being of importance in humancancer．Basic biological phenomena generally do not differ strikingly as one goes from one spe—cies to another．It should be recognized that cancer is a biological problem and not a problemthat is unique for man．Cancer originates when a normal cell suddenly becomes a cancer cellwhich multiplies widely and without apparent restraint．Cancer may originate in many differentkinds of cell，but the cancer cell usually continues to carry certain traits(特性)of the cell of origin．The transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell may have more than one kind of cause．but there is good reason to consider the relationships that exist between viruses and cancer．
　　Since there is no evidence that human cancer，as generally experienced，is infections，manypersons believe that because viruses are infections agents they cannot possibly be of importancein human cancer．However，viruses can mutate(突变)and examples are known in which a vi．rus that never kills its host can mutate to form a new strain of virus that always kills its host．Itdoes not seem unreasonable to assume that an innocuous(无害的)latent(潜伏的)virus mightmutate to form a strain that causes cancer．Certainly the experimental evidence now available isconsistent with the idea that viruses as we know them today，could be the causative(引起……的)agents of most，if not all cancer。including cancer in mall．
Cancer should be considered to be a biological problem rather than a medical one because_________．
A．viruses are known to cause cancer in animals
B．at present，human cancer is not believed to be contagious(传染的)
C．there are many known causes for the transformation of a normal cell to a cancer cell
D．results of experiments on plants and animals do not vary greatly from species to species


50、 The possibility that a virus causes human cancer is indicated by_________.
A．the fact that viruses have been known to mutate
B．the fact that a cancer．immune individual may lose his immunity
C．the fact that production of human cancer cells might be due to a genetic factor
D．the fact that man is host to many viruses