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四、阅读理解
36、回答36-55题
Imagine going to sleep in October and waking up in May! Well, marmots and ground squirrels　stay warm by sleeping all winter．All this time, they do not wake up once．This special kind of sleep is called hibernation．During this sleep, the heart slows down, and the animal breathes more slowly, it doesn't move around, so it uses less energy．Animals like the marmot and the ground squirrel inhabit the coldest parts of the world．They need special talents to survive in these frigid places．Their furry coats keep them snug when the temperature falls below zero．It often gets this cold in the Arctic, a land that is just below the North Pole．Before the long winter, some animals eat and eat．After a while, they grow very fat．When the　winter comes, they live on the fat saved up in their bodies．Layers of fat keep an animal warm．Arctic animals also have other ways to beat the cold．Rabbits in the Arctic, for example, have　very small ears．Small ears keep heat in, while big ears let it out．Small things usually keep heat in．Have you ever slept in a room that is very small, and noticed how hot it can get?
It rarely gets warm in the Arctic．But although summer seasons there are very short, the sun　shines brightly．Plants seem to spring up before your eyes! Animals such as caribou look forward all year to summer, when they can eat fresh grass again．Every minute of sunshine is important to their lives．

A good title for this passage would be________
A．the Arctic Summer
B．Marmots and Squirrels
C．Keeping Warm in the Arctic
D．Freezing Temperatures


37、 The way for marmot to keep warm is．________
A．to be very fat
B．to have small ears
C．to eat green grass
D．to have thick and soft hairs


38、
After reading this passage, we can guess that when an animal moves around, it________
A．is very restless
B．uses more energy
C．is looking for food
D．has lost its young


39、
To help the reader understand that small things keep heat in, the writer uses________
A．an example
B．a strong argument
C．scientific facts
D．careful measurements

40、回答40-59题
Twelve years ago, oceanographer Captain Charles Moore was skippering his yacht the Alguita in　the North Pacific．He sailed into a mass of floating plastic rubbish which took him and his crew a week to cross．This floating rubbish dump is now called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and doubles the size of the USA．The United Nations says there are now 18,000 pieces of plastic in every square kilometre of sea
everywhere in the world．A walk along any beach will give you some idea of the seriousness of plastic pollution．The trouble is, when we throw out plastic with the trash, the plastic doesn't go away．Plastic dnot biodegrade．It photo degrades into smaller and smaller particles which then enter the food chain．Plastics contain cancer-causing chemicals along the food chain in increasing concentrations and end up in our fish and chips, along with hormone disruptors．Scientists try to tell us that we are killing ourselves as well as other animals．At least 200 species are, as I speak, being killed by plastic．Whales, dolphins, turtles and albatross confuse floating plastic, especially shopping bags and six pack rings, with jellyfish．Some countries have rebelled and banned plastic bags．And the first was brave Bangladesh．Then　China took the same decision．Botswana, Canada, Israel, Kenya, Rwanda, Singapore and South
Africa have also banned plastic bags．Notice how many of the world's richest countries are not on this list．It's an absolute disgrace．Think globally, act locally．A small Australian town is now one step ahead of the rest of the world．The inhabitants of Bundanoon in New South Wales have banned plastic bottles from the town．We need to follow their example and eliminate plastic from our lives, take care of the earth and vote for people we think will do the same．

The writer says that we can get an idea of how much plastic rubbish there is in the oceans　by________
A．looking at the sea
B．travelling across the USA
C．sailing across the Pacific
D．taking a walk along any beach


41、 The reader learns that toxic chemicals get into our food________
A．when plastic becomes small enough to enter our food chain
B．because other animals are being killed by plastic
C．because plastic does not biodegrade
D．from plastic bags from supermarkets


42、 In the fourth paragraph the writer is angry because________
A．not many of the world's richest countries have banned plastic bags
B．not many countries have banned plastic bags
C．countries are not developing countries
D．most of the countries are African


43、 In the final paragraph the writer advises us to________
A．stop buying plastic bottles
B．take individual action
C．visit Australia
D．stop voting

44、 回答44-63题
People often speak of fire as though it were a living creature--It grows, dances, needs oxygen, feeds on whatever it can find, and then dies． And when a forest fire rages out of control, threatening human lives and homes, it must be fought like a "wild animal． " The fight is often desperate, since firefighters' hest efforts may be dwarfed by the fury of a large fire． But the fire's own traits can be used against it．
The heated air above a fire rises in a pillar of smoke and burnt gases, pulling fresh air in from the sides to replace it． Firefighters use this fact when they "fight fire with fire． " They start a fire well in front of the one which they are fighting． Instead of traveling on in front of the huge fire, the smaller fire is pulled back toward it by the updrafts of the larger blaze． As it travels back to meet the large fire, the smaller backfire burns away the fuel that the forest fire needs to survive．
Even when a backfire has been well set, however, the fire may still win the struggle． The wind which the firefighters used to help them may now become their enemy． When the backfire meets the main fire, before both die for lack of fuel, there is tremendous flame, great heat and wild winds． A strong gust may blow the fire into the treetops beyond the area, giving the fire new fuel and a new life．

This passage focuses on
A．how fires start
B．damage caused by fire
C．the fascination of fire
D．fighting forest fires


45、 A backfire is started
A．behind a forest fire
B．ahead of a forest fire
C．on the sides of a forest fire
D．all around a forest fire

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