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成人学位英语备考词汇中易混淆词三

2007年5月30日来源:233网校

  64. decrease, reduce

  decrease多表示逐渐缩小。如:The swelling decreased daily.(肿胀日渐消退。)

  reduce为常用词,使用范围较大,可指尺寸,数量,规模和程度等,也可指地位,经济状况。如:He won‘t reduce the rent of the house.(他不愿降低房租。)

  65. dependent, independent

  dependent依赖的,依靠的(on, upon)。如:Success is dependent on your hard work.

  Independent 不依靠的,独立的(of)。如:John was independent of his parents when he was still a child.

  66. desert, dessert

  desert沙漠。如:Have you ever been to a desert?

  Dessert甜食。如:What would you like for dessert, an apple pie or ice-cream?

  67. discover, invent

  discover发现。如:A coal mine has been discovered in that area.

  invent发明,创造。如:A kind of toothbrush has been invented to relieve toothache.

  68. duty, responsibility

  均有“责任”之意,可换用。

  duty意义较广,多指发自内心的道德伦理上的责任感。

  responsibility着重指从道义或法律上对事件之后果负责。如:I took full responsibility for breaking the vase.(我承担打破花瓶的全部责任。)

  69. effective, efficient

  均可表示“有效的”。

  effective常用以指物,强调能产生某种预期的效果。如:effective medicine, effective method等。

  efficient“效率高的”,“有能力的”,用以指人或物,着重有效地利用时间、精力并取得预期效果。如:The German telephone system is highly efficient. (德国的电话系统效率很高。)

  70. economic, economical

  economic经济(学)的。如:the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉图的经济学说)

  economical节约的,节俭的。如:He is economical of money and time.

  71. electric, electrical, electronic

  三词都与电有关

  electric着重于发电的,电动的或导电的。如:electric generator(发电机);electric light(电灯)

  electrical多指本身不产生电,但是与电有关的。如:electrical engineering(电机工程);an electrical transcription(广播唱片)

  electronic 电子的,电子操作的。如:electronic engineering(电子工程学)

  72. emergence, emergency

  emergence是emerge的名词形式。

  Emergency意为“紧急情况”,“突然事件”。

  73. everyday, every day

  everyday每日的,日常的(作定语)。如:This morning exercise has become my everyday routine.

  every day每天(作状语)。如:She gets up early every day.

  74. endure, bear, stand, tolerate, withstand

  都表忍受,忍耐。

  bear忍受,容忍,指忍受使人悲痛、烦恼或痛苦的事情。如:It is hard to bear to be laughed at.(被人取笑是难以忍受的。)

  endure忍耐,书面语,指长时间经受痛苦而不屈服。如:It takes patience to endure hardships. 忍受苦难需要耐力。)

  stand忍受,与bear同义,但较口语化。如:She can‘t stand having nothing to do.(没事干,她受不了。)

  tolerate容忍,容许,指自我克制的态度,对于令人反感的事没有任何抗议。如:I can‘t tolerate him if he goes on like that. (他如果继续这样下去的话,我决不会容忍他。)

  withstand经受,承受,指顶住外来的压力和攻势。如:They have withstood all test.(他们经受了一切考验。)

  75. error, mistake, fault, shortcoming

  均表“缺点”,“错误”。

  error是通用词,指任何错误,“犯错误”可以说commit /make an error.

  mistake指判断或理解方面,或指因考虑不周而造成的错误,搭配是make a mistake.

  fault表示“过失”,可与error通用,现多用来指缺点,特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。如:There is a fault in this machine.(这台机器有一处毛病。)构成短语 find fault with挑剔,找毛病。

  shortcoming 缺点,可指人或事物的本质上不足之处(常用复数)。如:In spite of his shortcomings, I still like him.(尽管他缺点多,我仍然喜欢他。)


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