成人学位英语备考词汇中易混淆词三
64. decrease, reduce
decrease多表示逐渐缩小。如:The swelling decreased daily.(肿胀日渐消退。)
reduce为常用词,使用范围较大,可指尺寸,数量,规模和程度等,也可指地位,经济状况。如:He won‘t reduce the rent of the house.(他不愿降低房租。)
65. dependent, independent
dependent依赖的,依靠的(on, upon)。如:Success is dependent on your hard work.
Independent 不依靠的,独立的(of)。如:John was independent of his parents when he was still a child.
66. desert, dessert
desert沙漠。如:Have you ever been to a desert?
Dessert甜食。如:What would you like for dessert, an apple pie or ice-cream?
67. discover, invent
discover发现。如:A coal mine has been discovered in that area.
invent发明,创造。如:A kind of toothbrush has been invented to relieve toothache.
68. duty, responsibility
均有“责任”之意,可换用。
duty意义较广,多指发自内心的道德伦理上的责任感。
responsibility着重指从道义或法律上对事件之后果负责。如:I took full responsibility for breaking the vase.(我承担打破花瓶的全部责任。)
69. effective, efficient
均可表示“有效的”。
effective常用以指物,强调能产生某种预期的效果。如:effective medicine, effective method等。
efficient“效率高的”,“有能力的”,用以指人或物,着重有效地利用时间、精力并取得预期效果。如:The German telephone system is highly efficient. (德国的电话系统效率很高。)
70. economic, economical
economic经济(学)的。如:the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉图的经济学说)
economical节约的,节俭的。如:He is economical of money and time.
71. electric, electrical, electronic
三词都与电有关
electric着重于发电的,电动的或导电的。如:electric generator(发电机);electric light(电灯)
electrical多指本身不产生电,但是与电有关的。如:electrical engineering(电机工程);an electrical transcription(广播唱片)
electronic 电子的,电子操作的。如:electronic engineering(电子工程学)
72. emergence, emergency
emergence是emerge的名词形式。
Emergency意为“紧急情况”,“突然事件”。
73. everyday, every day
everyday每日的,日常的(作定语)。如:This morning exercise has become my everyday routine.
every day每天(作状语)。如:She gets up early every day.
74. endure, bear, stand, tolerate, withstand
都表忍受,忍耐。
bear忍受,容忍,指忍受使人悲痛、烦恼或痛苦的事情。如:It is hard to bear to be laughed at.(被人取笑是难以忍受的。)
endure忍耐,书面语,指长时间经受痛苦而不屈服。如:It takes patience to endure hardships. 忍受苦难需要耐力。)
stand忍受,与bear同义,但较口语化。如:She can‘t stand having nothing to do.(没事干,她受不了。)
tolerate容忍,容许,指自我克制的态度,对于令人反感的事没有任何抗议。如:I can‘t tolerate him if he goes on like that. (他如果继续这样下去的话,我决不会容忍他。)
withstand经受,承受,指顶住外来的压力和攻势。如:They have withstood all test.(他们经受了一切考验。)
75. error, mistake, fault, shortcoming
均表“缺点”,“错误”。
error是通用词,指任何错误,“犯错误”可以说commit /make an error.
mistake指判断或理解方面,或指因考虑不周而造成的错误,搭配是make a mistake.
fault表示“过失”,可与error通用,现多用来指缺点,特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。如:There is a fault in this machine.(这台机器有一处毛病。)构成短语 find fault with挑剔,找毛病。
shortcoming 缺点,可指人或事物的本质上不足之处(常用复数)。如:In spite of his shortcomings, I still like him.(尽管他缺点多,我仍然喜欢他。)