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2008年成考专升本英语重点语法四:介词

2008年4月6日来源:233网校
  四、介词
  1、介词短语
  accordingtoaheadofapartfrombymeansofbutforbecauseofduetoexceptforforthesakeofinadditiontoinsteadofinfrontof
  inspiteofinthenameofonbehalfofpriortowithregardtoowingto由于
  2、分词介词
  concerningincludingpastregarding
  3、介词用法比较
  3.1表示时间的介词at,on,in,after,for,since,by,till,until,during
  ①at表示确切时间点或较短的一段时间;in表示一天中的各部分时间或较长的时间;
  on表示具体的某天或某天上午或下午;during表示一段时间,强调时间的延续。
  at4:30(noon,dawn,midnight……)onSunday(Oct.1……)
  onSaturdayafternoon(anautumnevening……)***intheafternoononSunday
  atChristmasin(during)1987(December,the19thcentury……)
  duringmymilitaryservice(thetrip)Thejobwasdoneinaweek.
  ②Hewillbebackintwohours.Hewillbebackaftertwoo’clock.
  ③IstayedinLondon(for)twodaysonmywaytoNewYork.since1950(then)
  ④Bynoon,everybodyhad(willhave)arrivedthere.到中午的时候,大家都(将)到那儿了。
  from1985to1996
  ⑤Hewaitedtill(until)5o’clock.Theystayeduntil(till)afterthemeeting.(肯定句中表示:直到…时候)
  UntilnowIknewnothingaboutit.Jackdidn’tcomehomeuntil/tillabout11.(否定句中表示:直到…才)
  3.2表示地点、位置的介词in,at,round,around,beyond,on,beneath,over,under,above,below,up,down,before,behind,between,among,amid(st)
  ①Thecarpulledupatthegate.车停在大门口ShelivesatNo.52HazelAvenue.
  TheyhavearrivedinPeking.Whatisinthebox?
  ②Heputanecklace(a)roundherneck.Heismakingatriproundtheworld.
  ③beyond表示在…以外:Thereisavillagebeyondthehill.
  ④on:在…(平面)上;beneath:在…(平面)下:
  Thereisabookonthedesk.Thesubmarinecanrunveryfastbeneaththesea.
  ⑤over:在(垂直)上方;under:在(垂直)下方:
  Thereisalampoverthetable.Thepeasantsarehavingarestunderthetree.
  ⑥above:在…上方;below:在…下方:
  Theplaneisflyingabovetheclouds.Thesunsankbelowthehorizon.
  ⑦before:在…前面;after:在…后面(两者具有报考意义)
  Don’tputthecartbeforethehorse.莫本末倒置。Theobjectshouldbeplacedaftertheverb.
  ***infrontof和behind表示静态意义的位置。
  Thecarwasparkedinfrontofthebuilding.Thereisagardenbehindthehouse.
  ⑧between:在(两者)之间:Isthereanydifferencebetweenthetwowords?
  among:在(两者以上)之间:Theyvisitedthetempleamongthehills.
  amid(st):在…之间(含有被不同之物包围之意),可接复数名词或不可数名词:
  Thesoldierschargedforwardamid(st)theenemybullets.
  3.3表示方向、方位的介词to,in,for,at
  ①in在…面(包含在其中):ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.
  to在…部(不包含在其中):JapanliestotheeastofChina.
  on两地接壤:VietnamliesonthesouthofChina.
  ②leave,start,depart等词后加for,表示目的地:HewillleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
  3.4表示空间运动的介词along,across,through,over,up,down,from,to,into,outof
  ①along沿着:Theyaretakingawalkalongthestreet.
  across横过:Dareyouswimacrosstheriver?
  ②through(从中间穿过):Theydrovethroughthecity(tunnel)
  over越过:Theplaneflewoverthecity.
  ③up向上方:Heranupthestairs.down向下方:Theshipissailingdowntheriver.
  ④Hereceivedaletterfromabroad.Shestoodupandwalkedtothewindow.
  3.5表示工具、方法和手段的介词with,by,in,through,on
  1)with表示工具,方式(抽象),也可表示材料:
  Woodisoftencutwithasaw.Weshouldfacethesituationwithgreatcourage.
  2)by表示途径或手段:
  Babieslearntospeakbyimitation.Wecangetenergybyburningfuel.
  3)in表示方式:Canyoudotheexperimentinanotherway?Clothisoftenmeasuredinmetres.
  4)through表示途径,手段,与by接近:Hebecamerichthroughhardwork.
  3.6表示原因的介词becauseof,owingto,dueto(一般不位于句首),onaccountof,at,for,from,with,of
  eg.Theflightwascancelledduetothefog.Werejoicedattheirgreatachievements.
  Hewaspunishedforstealing.Theyaresufferingfromstarvationanddisease.
  Shewasredwithshame.Themandiedoflungcancer.直接原因Thesoldierdiedfromabadwound.间接原因
  3.7除了…:besides,except,exceptfor,but,apartfrom(意思较广)
  BesidesEnglish,theyalsostudymath,physicsandchemistry.
  Heansweredallthequestionsexcept(but)thelastone.
  Yourcompositionisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.整体中除去一个细节
  Theenemyhadnochoicebuttosurrender.
  ***butfor表示:要不是因为,倘若没有,常用于虚拟语气表示含蓄条件。
  3.8表示让步的介词inspiteof,despite,afterall,forall,withall
  Thechildrencontinuedtoplayinthegardendespitetherain.
  Withallhisachievements,heremainsmodestandprudent.谦虚谨慎Forallhisfaults,westilllikehim.

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