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2008年成考专升本英语重点语法六:动词

2008年4月6日来源:233网校
  六、动词
  1、动词分类(一):连系动词、实义动词、助动词和情态动词。
  1.1常用的连系动词有:
  appearbebecomecomefallfeelgetgogrowkeep
  lieremainrestrunsmellsoundstandstaytastelook
  1.2实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词之分
  1.3助动词无实际意义,只起语法作用:
  Doyoureadnewspapereveryday?Thejobwillbefinishedsoon.
  1.4情态动词不能单独作谓语,增加谓语的情态、语气等色彩。
  2、动词种类(二)
  2.1界限性动词(不能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用),如:
  catchcomediefindgivejoinkillloseleavemarryrealize
  2.2非界限性动词(所表示的动作或状态可以一直进行下去)
  ①报考动词:live,sit,stand,study,talk,work,write等
  ②状态动词:be,belong,consist,exist,feel,hate,have,hope,love,want等
  3、常跟双宾语的动词有:
  askbringbuychoosedodenyfetchgetgivegranthandleavelend
  makeofferorderpaypasspromisesellsendshowtaketeachtellwrite
  常见动词搭配:
  1、动词+介词:
  listento听amountto等于longfor渴望callon号召operateon为……动手术
  consistof由……组成resistin坚持accountfor解释lookat看carefor照顾
  objectto反对sendfor派人去请relyon依靠dependon依靠standfor代表
  laughat嘲笑waitfor等待lookinto调查applyfor申请believein信仰
  playwith玩comeacross碰见gothrough通过
  2、动词+副词:
  giveup放弃carryout执行lookup查找pointout指出bringup抚养
  findout查明handin上交makeout认出thinkover考虑puton穿
  wipeout消灭pickup拣起throwaway抛弃setup建立takeoff脱掉
  turndown拒绝giveaway暴露handout分发calloff取消turnoff关掉
  knockoff停工standup起立breakdown出毛病lookout小心takeoff起飞
  runout耗尽catchup赶上givein让步growup长大hangaround逗留
  passaway去世showoff炫耀dropout退出getup起床goon继续
  3、动词+副词+介词:
  cutdownon减少getalongwith与…相处runoutof用光lookupto尊敬datebackto追溯
  getthroughwith完成keepupwith跟上makeupfor补偿comedownwith患病sitinon旁听
  doawaywith抛弃lookforwardto期望putupwith忍受standupto反对lookdownupon瞧不起
  4、动词+名词+介词
  catchsightof看见findfaultwith挑…毛病keepaneyeon照看makefunof取笑
  makefriendswith与…交友payattentionto注意shakehandswith与…握手takeadvantageof利用
  takepartin参加getridof摆脱giveriseto引起losesightof看不见
  makeuseof利用takecareof照料throwlighton阐明putastopto结束
  时态
  体态一般进行完成完成进行
  时间be+现在分词have+过去分词havebeen+
  现在分词
  现在works
  workis
  am+working
  arehas
  have+workedhas
  have+beenworking
  过去workedwas
  were+workinghadworkedhadbeenworking
  将来will
  shall+workwill
  shall+beworkingwill
  shall+haveworkedwill
  shall+havebeenworking
  过去将来would
  should+workwould
  should+beworkingwould
  should+haveworkedwould
  should+havebeenworking
  1、一般现在时
  1.1表习惯性动作;人或事物的特性或状态;客观真理等
  Everyoneisinhighspirits.Lighttravelsmorequicklythansound.
  1.2用于时间和条件状语从句,代替一般将来时
  Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgoonapicnic.Whenyoucomenexttime,bringmesomemagazines.
  1.3与具有"出发,到达"含义的动词连用,表示按计划将要发生的动作
  ThedelegationarrivesinBeijingthisafternoon.Thereisanewfilmtonight.
  2、一般过去时(表示过去某时间的动作或状态)
  Thechildrenwentoutjustnow.Shediedtenyearsago.Ilostmywalletatthetheatre.
  3、一般将来时
  3.1will/shalldo:Nextmonth,mysisterwillbenineteen.Ishall/willreturnyouthebooktomorrow.
  3.2begoingtodo:Thewallisgoingtobepaintedgreen.Itisgoingtorain.
  3.3betodo表示按计划要发生的事:Wearetomeetattheschoolgate.
  3.4beabouttodo即将(正要)做某事:Autumnharvestisabouttostart.
  4、一般过去将来时
  Hesaidthathewouldgetmarriedsoon.Iaskedhimwhenhewouldcomehereagain.
  5、现在进行时
  5.1表示说话时,或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的情况。Theyaremakinganexperimentnow.
  5.2计划即将发生,如go,come,leave,arrive:HeiscomingherenextweekandisstayinghereuntilAugust.
  6、过去进行时
  Weweretalkingaboutyouamomentago.Iwasplayingthepianowhenshecamein.
  7、将来进行时
  Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow?Ibelievehe’llbecomingsoon.
  8、现在完成时
  8.1过去发生但对现在有影响的动作,常跟时间状语already,yet,never,before,recently,just,ever,once连用。
  IhavebeentoPekingmanytimes.Theyhavealreadypublishedtheresultsoftheirexperiments.
  8.2从过去某时间开始一直延续到现在(可能还要继续下去)的动作,常跟时间状语since,fortwoyears,
  sofar,inrecentyears等(使用延续性动词)
  Hehaslivedheresince1984.IhavestudiedEnglishfortwoyears.
  1)他参军已经有十年了。①Hehasbeenanarmymanfortenyears.
  ②Itis(hasbeen)tenyearssincehejoinedthearmy.
  ③Hejoinedthearmytenyearsago.
  2)Itis(hasbeen)…since:Itis(hasbeen)alongtimesincetheylastmeteachother.
  3)Thisisthefirst(second)timethat…:ThisisthesecondtimethatIhavebrokenacupthisyear.
  9、过去完成时
  JohnhadlearnedsomeChinesebeforehecametoChina.Hefoundthebookthathehadlost.
  Bytheendoflastyear,Ihadworkedinthiscollegefortenyears.
  ***nosooner………than,hardly(scarcely)……when(before)
  Wehadnosoonerreachedhomethanitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadwereachedhomethanitbegantorain.
  Hehadhardlyenteredtheofficewhen(before)thephonerang.
  10、现在完成进行时(常跟forhours,sincethismorning等表示一段时间的状语连用)
  TheyhavebeenwatchingTVfortwohours.Hehasbeenworkingonthisessaysincethismorning.
  11、时态呼应特殊规则
  Keplerprovedthatthesunisthecenterofthesolarsystem.客观真理
  Ididn’tgototheballbecauseIamnotfondofdancing.意义需要
  被动语态
  一般时态进行时态完成时态
  现在am
  iswritten
  aream
  isbeinggiven
  arehas
  beenwritten
  have
  过去was
  werewrittenwas
  werebeinggivenhadbeenwritten
  将来shall
  willbewrittenshall
  willhavebeenwritten
  过去将来should
  wouldbewrittenshould
  wouldhavebeenwritten
  ***有些动词表示状态或关系,通常不用于被动语态:
  cost花费fit适合have有hold容纳lack缺乏
  own占有possess拥有resemble像suit适合last持续
  Theboyresembleshisfather.Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.
  ***少数短语动词通常只用被动语态:
  ①betakenin受骗,上当②besupposedtodosomething应该,被期望
  ③beintendedforsomething(somebody)/todosomething旨在,用于
  Thebookisintendedforbeginners.Wearesupposedtomeetatthegateat7:00.
  ***转化为系动词的感官动词+表语
  Goodmedicinetastesbitter.Thismaterialfeelsverysoft.
  ***不及物动词和词组无被动语态:Howlongdidthemeetinglast?
  ***incase,whether,where,assoonas遵照"主将从现"原则,主句用将来时态,从句用现在时态
  WhetherIwinorlose,Iwillhaveagoodtime.IwillwritetoyouassoonasIgethere.
  ***表示心理活动和存在的动词一般不用进行时态:Theyloveandrespecteachother.

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