2008年成考专升本英语重点语法六:动词
六、动词
1、动词分类(一):连系动词、实义动词、助动词和情态动词。
1.1常用的连系动词有:
appearbebecomecomefallfeelgetgogrowkeep
lieremainrestrunsmellsoundstandstaytastelook
1.2实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词之分
1.3助动词无实际意义,只起语法作用:
Doyoureadnewspapereveryday?Thejobwillbefinishedsoon.
1.4情态动词不能单独作谓语,增加谓语的情态、语气等色彩。
2、动词种类(二)
2.1界限性动词(不能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用),如:
catchcomediefindgivejoinkillloseleavemarryrealize
2.2非界限性动词(所表示的动作或状态可以一直进行下去)
①报考动词:live,sit,stand,study,talk,work,write等
②状态动词:be,belong,consist,exist,feel,hate,have,hope,love,want等
3、常跟双宾语的动词有:
askbringbuychoosedodenyfetchgetgivegranthandleavelend
makeofferorderpaypasspromisesellsendshowtaketeachtellwrite
常见动词搭配:
1、动词+介词:
listento听amountto等于longfor渴望callon号召operateon为……动手术
consistof由……组成resistin坚持accountfor解释lookat看carefor照顾
objectto反对sendfor派人去请relyon依靠dependon依靠standfor代表
laughat嘲笑waitfor等待lookinto调查applyfor申请believein信仰
playwith玩comeacross碰见gothrough通过
2、动词+副词:
giveup放弃carryout执行lookup查找pointout指出bringup抚养
findout查明handin上交makeout认出thinkover考虑puton穿
wipeout消灭pickup拣起throwaway抛弃setup建立takeoff脱掉
turndown拒绝giveaway暴露handout分发calloff取消turnoff关掉
knockoff停工standup起立breakdown出毛病lookout小心takeoff起飞
runout耗尽catchup赶上givein让步growup长大hangaround逗留
passaway去世showoff炫耀dropout退出getup起床goon继续
3、动词+副词+介词:
cutdownon减少getalongwith与…相处runoutof用光lookupto尊敬datebackto追溯
getthroughwith完成keepupwith跟上makeupfor补偿comedownwith患病sitinon旁听
doawaywith抛弃lookforwardto期望putupwith忍受standupto反对lookdownupon瞧不起
4、动词+名词+介词
catchsightof看见findfaultwith挑…毛病keepaneyeon照看makefunof取笑
makefriendswith与…交友payattentionto注意shakehandswith与…握手takeadvantageof利用
takepartin参加getridof摆脱giveriseto引起losesightof看不见
makeuseof利用takecareof照料throwlighton阐明putastopto结束
时态
体态一般进行完成完成进行
时间be+现在分词have+过去分词havebeen+
现在分词
现在works
workis
am+working
arehas
have+workedhas
have+beenworking
过去workedwas
were+workinghadworkedhadbeenworking
将来will
shall+workwill
shall+beworkingwill
shall+haveworkedwill
shall+havebeenworking
过去将来would
should+workwould
should+beworkingwould
should+haveworkedwould
should+havebeenworking
1、一般现在时
1.1表习惯性动作;人或事物的特性或状态;客观真理等
Everyoneisinhighspirits.Lighttravelsmorequicklythansound.
1.2用于时间和条件状语从句,代替一般将来时
Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgoonapicnic.Whenyoucomenexttime,bringmesomemagazines.
1.3与具有"出发,到达"含义的动词连用,表示按计划将要发生的动作
ThedelegationarrivesinBeijingthisafternoon.Thereisanewfilmtonight.
2、一般过去时(表示过去某时间的动作或状态)
Thechildrenwentoutjustnow.Shediedtenyearsago.Ilostmywalletatthetheatre.
3、一般将来时
3.1will/shalldo:Nextmonth,mysisterwillbenineteen.Ishall/willreturnyouthebooktomorrow.
3.2begoingtodo:Thewallisgoingtobepaintedgreen.Itisgoingtorain.
3.3betodo表示按计划要发生的事:Wearetomeetattheschoolgate.
3.4beabouttodo即将(正要)做某事:Autumnharvestisabouttostart.
4、一般过去将来时
Hesaidthathewouldgetmarriedsoon.Iaskedhimwhenhewouldcomehereagain.
5、现在进行时
5.1表示说话时,或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的情况。Theyaremakinganexperimentnow.
5.2计划即将发生,如go,come,leave,arrive:HeiscomingherenextweekandisstayinghereuntilAugust.
6、过去进行时
Weweretalkingaboutyouamomentago.Iwasplayingthepianowhenshecamein.
7、将来进行时
Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow?Ibelievehe’llbecomingsoon.
8、现在完成时
8.1过去发生但对现在有影响的动作,常跟时间状语already,yet,never,before,recently,just,ever,once连用。
IhavebeentoPekingmanytimes.Theyhavealreadypublishedtheresultsoftheirexperiments.
8.2从过去某时间开始一直延续到现在(可能还要继续下去)的动作,常跟时间状语since,fortwoyears,
sofar,inrecentyears等(使用延续性动词)
Hehaslivedheresince1984.IhavestudiedEnglishfortwoyears.
1)他参军已经有十年了。①Hehasbeenanarmymanfortenyears.
②Itis(hasbeen)tenyearssincehejoinedthearmy.
③Hejoinedthearmytenyearsago.
2)Itis(hasbeen)…since:Itis(hasbeen)alongtimesincetheylastmeteachother.
3)Thisisthefirst(second)timethat…:ThisisthesecondtimethatIhavebrokenacupthisyear.
9、过去完成时
JohnhadlearnedsomeChinesebeforehecametoChina.Hefoundthebookthathehadlost.
Bytheendoflastyear,Ihadworkedinthiscollegefortenyears.
***nosooner………than,hardly(scarcely)……when(before)
Wehadnosoonerreachedhomethanitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadwereachedhomethanitbegantorain.
Hehadhardlyenteredtheofficewhen(before)thephonerang.
10、现在完成进行时(常跟forhours,sincethismorning等表示一段时间的状语连用)
TheyhavebeenwatchingTVfortwohours.Hehasbeenworkingonthisessaysincethismorning.
11、时态呼应特殊规则
Keplerprovedthatthesunisthecenterofthesolarsystem.客观真理
Ididn’tgototheballbecauseIamnotfondofdancing.意义需要
被动语态
一般时态进行时态完成时态
现在am
iswritten
aream
isbeinggiven
arehas
beenwritten
have
过去was
werewrittenwas
werebeinggivenhadbeenwritten
将来shall
willbewrittenshall
willhavebeenwritten
过去将来should
wouldbewrittenshould
wouldhavebeenwritten
***有些动词表示状态或关系,通常不用于被动语态:
cost花费fit适合have有hold容纳lack缺乏
own占有possess拥有resemble像suit适合last持续
Theboyresembleshisfather.Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.
***少数短语动词通常只用被动语态:
①betakenin受骗,上当②besupposedtodosomething应该,被期望
③beintendedforsomething(somebody)/todosomething旨在,用于
Thebookisintendedforbeginners.Wearesupposedtomeetatthegateat7:00.
***转化为系动词的感官动词+表语
Goodmedicinetastesbitter.Thismaterialfeelsverysoft.
***不及物动词和词组无被动语态:Howlongdidthemeetinglast?
***incase,whether,where,assoonas遵照"主将从现"原则,主句用将来时态,从句用现在时态
WhetherIwinorlose,Iwillhaveagoodtime.IwillwritetoyouassoonasIgethere.
***表示心理活动和存在的动词一般不用进行时态:Theyloveandrespecteachother.
1、动词分类(一):连系动词、实义动词、助动词和情态动词。
1.1常用的连系动词有:
appearbebecomecomefallfeelgetgogrowkeep
lieremainrestrunsmellsoundstandstaytastelook
1.2实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词之分
1.3助动词无实际意义,只起语法作用:
Doyoureadnewspapereveryday?Thejobwillbefinishedsoon.
1.4情态动词不能单独作谓语,增加谓语的情态、语气等色彩。
2、动词种类(二)
2.1界限性动词(不能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用),如:
catchcomediefindgivejoinkillloseleavemarryrealize
2.2非界限性动词(所表示的动作或状态可以一直进行下去)
①报考动词:live,sit,stand,study,talk,work,write等
②状态动词:be,belong,consist,exist,feel,hate,have,hope,love,want等
3、常跟双宾语的动词有:
askbringbuychoosedodenyfetchgetgivegranthandleavelend
makeofferorderpaypasspromisesellsendshowtaketeachtellwrite
常见动词搭配:
1、动词+介词:
listento听amountto等于longfor渴望callon号召operateon为……动手术
consistof由……组成resistin坚持accountfor解释lookat看carefor照顾
objectto反对sendfor派人去请relyon依靠dependon依靠standfor代表
laughat嘲笑waitfor等待lookinto调查applyfor申请believein信仰
playwith玩comeacross碰见gothrough通过
2、动词+副词:
giveup放弃carryout执行lookup查找pointout指出bringup抚养
findout查明handin上交makeout认出thinkover考虑puton穿
wipeout消灭pickup拣起throwaway抛弃setup建立takeoff脱掉
turndown拒绝giveaway暴露handout分发calloff取消turnoff关掉
knockoff停工standup起立breakdown出毛病lookout小心takeoff起飞
runout耗尽catchup赶上givein让步growup长大hangaround逗留
passaway去世showoff炫耀dropout退出getup起床goon继续
3、动词+副词+介词:
cutdownon减少getalongwith与…相处runoutof用光lookupto尊敬datebackto追溯
getthroughwith完成keepupwith跟上makeupfor补偿comedownwith患病sitinon旁听
doawaywith抛弃lookforwardto期望putupwith忍受standupto反对lookdownupon瞧不起
4、动词+名词+介词
catchsightof看见findfaultwith挑…毛病keepaneyeon照看makefunof取笑
makefriendswith与…交友payattentionto注意shakehandswith与…握手takeadvantageof利用
takepartin参加getridof摆脱giveriseto引起losesightof看不见
makeuseof利用takecareof照料throwlighton阐明putastopto结束
时态
体态一般进行完成完成进行
时间be+现在分词have+过去分词havebeen+
现在分词
现在works
workis
am+working
arehas
have+workedhas
have+beenworking
过去workedwas
were+workinghadworkedhadbeenworking
将来will
shall+workwill
shall+beworkingwill
shall+haveworkedwill
shall+havebeenworking
过去将来would
should+workwould
should+beworkingwould
should+haveworkedwould
should+havebeenworking
1、一般现在时
1.1表习惯性动作;人或事物的特性或状态;客观真理等
Everyoneisinhighspirits.Lighttravelsmorequicklythansound.
1.2用于时间和条件状语从句,代替一般将来时
Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgoonapicnic.Whenyoucomenexttime,bringmesomemagazines.
1.3与具有"出发,到达"含义的动词连用,表示按计划将要发生的动作
ThedelegationarrivesinBeijingthisafternoon.Thereisanewfilmtonight.
2、一般过去时(表示过去某时间的动作或状态)
Thechildrenwentoutjustnow.Shediedtenyearsago.Ilostmywalletatthetheatre.
3、一般将来时
3.1will/shalldo:Nextmonth,mysisterwillbenineteen.Ishall/willreturnyouthebooktomorrow.
3.2begoingtodo:Thewallisgoingtobepaintedgreen.Itisgoingtorain.
3.3betodo表示按计划要发生的事:Wearetomeetattheschoolgate.
3.4beabouttodo即将(正要)做某事:Autumnharvestisabouttostart.
4、一般过去将来时
Hesaidthathewouldgetmarriedsoon.Iaskedhimwhenhewouldcomehereagain.
5、现在进行时
5.1表示说话时,或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的情况。Theyaremakinganexperimentnow.
5.2计划即将发生,如go,come,leave,arrive:HeiscomingherenextweekandisstayinghereuntilAugust.
6、过去进行时
Weweretalkingaboutyouamomentago.Iwasplayingthepianowhenshecamein.
7、将来进行时
Whatwillyoubedoingthistimetomorrow?Ibelievehe’llbecomingsoon.
8、现在完成时
8.1过去发生但对现在有影响的动作,常跟时间状语already,yet,never,before,recently,just,ever,once连用。
IhavebeentoPekingmanytimes.Theyhavealreadypublishedtheresultsoftheirexperiments.
8.2从过去某时间开始一直延续到现在(可能还要继续下去)的动作,常跟时间状语since,fortwoyears,
sofar,inrecentyears等(使用延续性动词)
Hehaslivedheresince1984.IhavestudiedEnglishfortwoyears.
1)他参军已经有十年了。①Hehasbeenanarmymanfortenyears.
②Itis(hasbeen)tenyearssincehejoinedthearmy.
③Hejoinedthearmytenyearsago.
2)Itis(hasbeen)…since:Itis(hasbeen)alongtimesincetheylastmeteachother.
3)Thisisthefirst(second)timethat…:ThisisthesecondtimethatIhavebrokenacupthisyear.
9、过去完成时
JohnhadlearnedsomeChinesebeforehecametoChina.Hefoundthebookthathehadlost.
Bytheendoflastyear,Ihadworkedinthiscollegefortenyears.
***nosooner………than,hardly(scarcely)……when(before)
Wehadnosoonerreachedhomethanitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadwereachedhomethanitbegantorain.
Hehadhardlyenteredtheofficewhen(before)thephonerang.
10、现在完成进行时(常跟forhours,sincethismorning等表示一段时间的状语连用)
TheyhavebeenwatchingTVfortwohours.Hehasbeenworkingonthisessaysincethismorning.
11、时态呼应特殊规则
Keplerprovedthatthesunisthecenterofthesolarsystem.客观真理
Ididn’tgototheballbecauseIamnotfondofdancing.意义需要
被动语态
一般时态进行时态完成时态
现在am
iswritten
aream
isbeinggiven
arehas
beenwritten
have
过去was
werewrittenwas
werebeinggivenhadbeenwritten
将来shall
willbewrittenshall
willhavebeenwritten
过去将来should
wouldbewrittenshould
wouldhavebeenwritten
***有些动词表示状态或关系,通常不用于被动语态:
cost花费fit适合have有hold容纳lack缺乏
own占有possess拥有resemble像suit适合last持续
Theboyresembleshisfather.Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.
***少数短语动词通常只用被动语态:
①betakenin受骗,上当②besupposedtodosomething应该,被期望
③beintendedforsomething(somebody)/todosomething旨在,用于
Thebookisintendedforbeginners.Wearesupposedtomeetatthegateat7:00.
***转化为系动词的感官动词+表语
Goodmedicinetastesbitter.Thismaterialfeelsverysoft.
***不及物动词和词组无被动语态:Howlongdidthemeetinglast?
***incase,whether,where,assoonas遵照"主将从现"原则,主句用将来时态,从句用现在时态
WhetherIwinorlose,Iwillhaveagoodtime.IwillwritetoyouassoonasIgethere.
***表示心理活动和存在的动词一般不用进行时态:Theyloveandrespecteachother.