成人高考专升本英语语法复习资料二
3.表示与将来事实相反:
(1)、They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would+动词原形,表示与将来事实相反)
(2)、They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.(would + 原形动词meet,表示与将来事实相反)他们谈了又谈,仿佛他们不会再相见的样子。
注:在as if / as though 句中,如果有可能成为事实,用陈述语气。
He looks as if he is going to be ill.
第二节:虚拟语气用在lest,for fear that及in case引导的目的状语从句中
在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“以防,以免”等意思,其谓语动词多由should +动词原形构成,should也可省略。
例如:
⑴、He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again.他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。
⑵、The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself.
a. injure b. injured c. had injure d. would injure
这个疯子被关进墙上装有衬垫的病房,以免伤了他自己。(答案是a)
第三节:介词短语表示虚拟
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语来表示,或通过上下文或其他方式表示出来。如but for,but that…,in case of,otherwise,supposing,under more favourable condition,without 等表示让步假设。
1)、He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. (他刻苦工作,不然他就失败了。)
2)、We could have done better under more favorable conditions.(假设我们有更有利条件,我们还会做得更好。)
3)、But for his help,I .
[A]should not have succeeded
[B]had not succeeded
[C]did not succeed
[D]have not succeeded
4)、But that he came to help me,I .
[A]could not have succeeded
[B]did not succeed
[C]could not succeed
[D]can‘t but succeed
第四节:虚拟语气用在It is(about /high)time +that定语从句中
在It is(about/high)time +that定语从句中需用虚拟语气,表示“该做……的时候了”,其动词形式用一般过去时或should +动词原形。
(1)、It's already 5 o'clock now.Don't you think it's about time we went home?现在已经5点钟了,你不认为我们应该回家了吗?
(2)、It is about time you were in bed.
(3)、It is high time we left.
(4)、It is the first time I came here.
注:
1、在this is the first time /second time that.……句型中,从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。
例如:
Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong?这是你次参观香港吗?
2、It's time to do something有别于It's time that.……
第五节:在if only 引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气
谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式(谓语动词与wish宾语从句的虚拟形式相同)。
⑴、If only he didn‘t drive so fast!(现在)
⑵、If only she had asked someone‘s advice.(过去)
⑶、If only the rain would stop.(将来)
例题解析:
⑷、Look at the terrible situation I am in!if only I ____ your advice.
A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed
if only 引出感叹句,意思是“要是……多好”,表示说话人的一种愿望,希望发生(事实上不可能发生)与过去事实相反的情况。本句的全句意思是:“看我现在的处境多糟糕!要是我听从你的劝告多好”。事实上,句中的“我”没有听从劝告,所以处境很糟糕。
题中空格处应当用虚拟语气,答案是B.