成人高考学位英语词汇中易混淆词二
38. awake, wake, waken
都可作动词。
awake既可及物,也可不及物,多用于比喻。
wake常指“睡醒”,多为不及物动词。
waken多用作及物动词,常指“吵醒”,“惊醒”。
39. await, wait
await是及物动词。如:I await your further instructions.
wait“等”、“等候”,是不及物动词,后常接介词for.如:I will wait for you at the school gate.
40. award, prize, reward
award, reward作动词。award意为“授予(奖品,奖金等)”,后面可跟双宾语;reward意为“报酬”,“酬谢”,只能跟人或以人的行为作宾语。
award, prize, reward作名词时,award常指奖金,奖品;prize多指在竞赛、竞争中获胜所赢得的奖;reward则指为某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。
41. base, basis
base表事物的下部的底部,多用于具体事物。
basis多用于比喻,主要指命题的基础。如:His ideas have no basis in reality.(他的意见缺乏现实基础。)
42. beat, win
beat表在比赛和战斗中打败对手,后接对手作宾语。
Win作及物动词时,其宾语为游戏、比赛、战斗、奖金等名词。如:He has won the race.(他赢得了赛跑的胜利。)
43. beneath, below, under
beneath表示同表面接触,与on 相对。Below表示“在下面,低于”,与above相对。
under表示“在……正下方”与over相对。
44. beside, besides
beside在……旁边。如:Come and sit beside me.
besides除……之外。如:I have two other umbrellas besides this one.
45. big, great, large
big强调体积,质量,容量和重量大。如:a big box.Big也有抽象意义,指重大的事件或行为。如:a big mistake
great带感情色彩,多指程度和质量,指具体事物或人时,表“突出”,“引人注目”。
如:a great man
large多指面积,数目或数量大。如:a large population, a large number等。
46. bloom, blossom
bloom多指供观赏植物的开花。如:The roses are blooming.
blossom多指果树等植物的开花。如:The apple trees are blossoming.
47. borrow, lend
borrow借入。如:Can I borrow your pen for a moment?
lend把……借给。如:Can you lend me your bike?
48. bring, take
bring带来。如:Bring me some water, please.
take拿走。如:Shall I take some flowers when I go and see her?
49. calculate, compute, estimate
calculate通常指用数学方法进行比较复杂,难度较大的计算。如:You can‘t expect a schoolboy to calculate distances in astronomy.
compute常指比较简单的运算。如:It was computed that two thirds of the students in the class passed the examination.
estimate估计,常指对数量、成本等事先进行判断或估计。如:Some farmers asked the weatherman to estimate next year‘s rainfall.
50. cheat, deceive, trick
cheat欺骗,常用词,主要指为了自己的利益欺骗人。
deceive表示隐瞒真相或以假相骗人。如:The boy deceived the teacher by lying.
trick哄骗,表示耍手段进行欺骗,强调在行骗时使用计策,有时也指并非出于恶意的欺骗。如:Tom cleverly tricked his mother into approval.