2.语态
语态分两种,主动和被动。这里只讨论被动。被动语态表现的形式不同。最基本的表现形式是“be+过去分词(+by)”,其中be有时态、人称和数的变化,也可以构成否定或疑问句;过去分词作定语在一定的句式中或名词前也表示被动的含义。这类题的出题方式通常是让考生根据已给的条件判断是否应该用被动语态。下面通过例子进行说明。
例题及说明:
例1:With its expensive furniture and carefully color scheme,the room looked quite luxurious.(2007)
A.choose
B.chose
C.chosen
D.choosing
说明:考查过去分词作名词定语,表被动。答案:C。这里过去分词表示被动语态:被选的色系。【句子大意】昂贵的家具加上仔细挑选的色系,使得这个房间看起来非常豪华。
例2:The sandwiches by your mother were very delicious.(2006)
A.make
B.making
C.made
D.were made
说明:考查过去分词表被动,作后置定语。答案:C。Made过去分词表被动。The sandwiches made by your mother...=The sandwiches that were made by your mother…【句子大意】你妈妈做的三明治非常好吃。
例3:一Have you moved into the new house?
一Not yet.The rooms .(2005)
A.are being painted
B.are painted
C.are painting
D.have been painting
说明:考查被动语态。答案:A。这里表示新房正在被粉刷,并且是现在正在进行的动作,所以应当用现在进行时的被动语态。【句子大意】一你搬新家了吗?一还没有,新房正粉刷着呢。