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11. accuse / charge
accuse | v. （与介词of连用）指控 | The police accused him of theft. |
charge | v. （因为小错而受的）责备，（因违法而受到）控告（与介词with连用） | The police charged him with murder. |
12. acquire / attain / obtain / gain / earn / achieve / secure
acquire | v. 获得（多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也用于对财物等的获得；强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义） | It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations. |
attain | v. 获得（指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果）；达到（某一目标） | The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month. |
obtain | v. 获得，买到（用于正式语体） | He obtained the property with a bank loan. |
gain | v. （指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处或指军事上的武力夺取等）获得 | An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in value. |
earn | v. 挣得，赢得（指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇） | How much do you earn a week? |
achieve | v. 得到，获得（多指成就、目标、幸福的取得） | The movie star achieved success and wealth. |
secure | v.（尤指经过努力）获得，取得，实现 | to secure a contract/deal |
13. acute / critical / crucial / urgent
acute | a. 剧烈的，严重的；急性的（病） | An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people. |
critical | a. 关键的（表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点；与crucial相似，二者区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量） | It iscritical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it. |
crucial | a. 决定性的，紧要关头的，至关重要的（最为笼统，适用于上述两种情况） | Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery. |
urgent | a. 紧迫的，急迫的，紧要的（它不强调所指的问题是最重要的，仅强调“紧急的”状态） | We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water. |
14. adjust / regulate / rectify / amend / convert / alter / modify / transform / vary
adjust | v. （一般指很小的改变或技术性的）调整，修理 | I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool. |
regulate | v.（指根据规定或需要对某物（机器、钟表等）使之准确工作或运行；多含有“控制”之意）调整或调节 | Lights are used to regulate the traffic. |
rectify | v. 纠正，校正（错误、文章、合同等） | He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording. |
amend | v.（正式用语，指修改文件、法律、规范等）修正，修订 | The politicians amended the law to provide more jobs. |
convert | v. 改变（某事物的形式或用途或改变信仰，尤其是宗教信仰） | Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971. |
alter | v. （使事物在外观、性质、用途等方面）稍作改变 | The tailor altered the waistband on my pants because it was too tight. |
modify | v. （以使某物更趋完善）调整，修改，使更合适 | He was loud and angry, and his friends told him to modify hisbehavior. |
transform | v.（彻底、深远的）改变 | The photochemical reactions transform the light into electrical impulses. |
vary | v. （强调没有一定规则、陆续的）变化或差异 | Air fares vary from one airline to another. |
15. admit / confess / concede
admit | v. 承认（指由于说服、再三追问而“承认”某一事实或过错） | I admit that you have a point. |
confess | v. 供认（罪行、过错等，含有“坦白、招认”的意思） | He confessed his crimes to the judge. |
concede | v.承认（指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误，但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认或指“以退为进”的承认） | The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it. |
16. affiliate / link / attach / append
affiliate | v. 加入，成为……一部分 | an affiliated middle school |
link | v. 将人或物连接起来 | The crowd linked arms to form a barrier. |
attach | v. 将某物系在、贴在、附在另一物上 | I attached a note to my report with a paper clip. |
append | v. 增加，附加（与attach的意思比较接近） | The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract. |
17. affirm / assert / allege / claim / announce / proclaim
affirm | v. 坚信不疑地肯定或宣称（deny的反义词） | He affirmed his love for her. |
assert | v. （指不管事实如何，主观自信地）宣称 | She asserted that she was innocent. |
allege | v. （在无真凭实据的情况下）宣称、断定 | The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood atthe time of the crime. |
claim | v. 要求，声称，断言（多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张） | They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city. |
announce | v. 宣布，宣告（多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度；常常带有预告的意味） | The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge. |
proclaim | v. 宣布；宣告（成立）（指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断，尤其指重大事件的宣布，多用于官方场合） | The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came. |
18. aggravate / reinforce / increase / strengthen / intensify
aggravate | v. 加重（负担、罪行、病情等），使之恶化 | I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon. |
reinforce | v. 增援（一般用于军队或警察的行动）；（以添加材料等）加固 | A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him. |
increase | v. （数量上的）增加 | The number of people has been increased. |
strengthen | v. 加强，巩固，增强（相当于to become stronger） | Exercising every day strengthens the heart. |
intensify | v. 使变得更强烈、剧烈，加剧（相当于to become more intense or intensive） | intensify hatred |
19. alert / cautious / considerate
alert | a. 警惕的，留神的 | The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests’drinking need. |
cautious | a. 细心的，谨慎的 | He has a cautious attitude about spending money. |
considerate | a. 关心他人的，体贴的 | He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic. |
20. alive / live / living / lively
alive | a. 活着的，有活力的（常作表语，作定语时必须后置） | After the accident, he was barely alive. |
live | a. 活的，有活力的 | We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV. |
living | a. 活着的（作定语可前可后，可修饰人也可修饰物） | Who is the world’s greatest living artist? |
lively | a. 活泼的，栩栩如生的 | She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things. |
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