杭州师范大学2020年招收攻读硕士研究生考试题：翻译硕士英语

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SectionB Proofreading and error correction (10’)

The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:

For a wrong wordunderline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line

For a missing wordmark the position of the missing word with a “Λ” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For an unnecessary wordcross the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.

EXAMPLE

WhenΛart museum wants a new exhibit,(1) an

It never buys things in finished form and hangs(2) never

them on the wall. When a natural history museum

wants an exhibition, it must often build it.(3) exhibit

Many people are disturbed by the genetic diversify of (1)

cancers--- an inevitable result of random evolution. (2)

Cancer therapies used to be applied fairly random or (3)

Carelessly, but nowadays many believe that effective

therapies need to be specific and tailoring to genetic (4)

faults in each individual’s cancer. Therefore, a personalized(5)

treatment disregards the most fundamental reason (6)

it is difficult to cure cancers once for all: cancer cells

adapt and evolve with response to treatment. Even drugs (7)

that are initially effective often have a progressive (8)

diminishing effect, as the biological systems blocked

of the treatment spontaneously compensateof rerouting (9)

the cancer cell’s internal wiring, in restoring the cancer’s (10)

ability to spread. To use an analogy, in the absence of

short cuts, evolution takes over: naturally arising mutant

cancer cells that are resistant to the targeted drug rapidly

outgrow their disabled siblings and cancer comes back.

II. Reading comprehension(40’)

Section A Multiple choice (20’)

Directions: In this section there are two passages followed by multiple choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on the answer sheet.

Passage A

The language of rights now dominates political debate in the United States. Does the Government respect the moral and political rights of its citizens? Or does the Government’s war policy, or its race policy, fly in the face of these rights? Do the minorities whose rights have been violated have the right to violate the law in return? Or does the silent majority itself have rights, including the right that those who break the law be published? It is not surprising that these questions are now prominent. The concept of rights, and particularly the concept of rights against the Government, has its most natural use when a political society is divided, and appeals to co-operation or a common goal are pointless.

The debate does not include the issue of whether citizens have some moral rights against their Government. It seems accepted on all sides that they do. Conventional lawyers and politicians take it as a point of pride that our legal system recognizes, for example, individual rights of free speech, equality, and due process. They base their claim that our law deserves respect, at least in part, on that fact, for they would not claim that totalitarian system deserve the same loyalty.

Some philosophers, of cause, reject the idea that citizens have rights apart from what the law happens to give them. Bentham thought that the idea of moral rights was “nonsense on stilts”. But that view has never been part of our orthodox political theory, and politicians of both parties appeal to the rights of the people to justify a great part of what they want to do. I shall not be concerned, in this essay, to defend the thesis that citizens have moral rights against their governments; I want instead to explore the implications of that thesis for those, including the present United States Government, who profess to accept it.

It is much in dispute, of cause, what particular rights citizens have. Does the acknowledged right to free speech, for example, include the right to participate in nuisance demonstrations? In practice, the Government will have the last word on what an individual’s rights are, because its police will do what the officials and courts say. But that does not mean that the Government’s view is necessarily the correct view, anyone who thinks it does must believe that men and women have such moral rights as Government chooses to grant, which means they have no moral rights at all.

All this is sometimes obscured in the United States by the constitutional system. The American Constitution provides a set of individual legal rights in the First Amendment, and in due process, equal protection, and similar clauses. Under present legal practice the Supreme Court has the power to declare an act of Congress or of a state legislature void if the Court finds that the act offends these provisions. This practice has had some commentators to suppose that individual moral rights are fully protected by this system, but that is hardly so, nor could it be so.

1. In the United States nowadays__________.

A. politicians are discussing about the right language.

B. politicians are debating about what is right and what is wrong.

C. language is the most important theme in the political debate.

D. we can hear lots of talks about rights.

2. It is only natural that questions about citizens’ rights are now prominent because__________

A. the minorities are violating the law.

B. the political society in the USA is divided.

C. the silent majority wants to punish those who have violated the law.

D. people are looking for a common goal.

3. Which of the following statements is not true?

A. It is generally agreed that citizens should have some moral rights.