2022考研英语新题型小练（1）

A. Eye fixations are brief

B. Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to be rude

C. Eye contact can be a friendly social signal

D. Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact

E. Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated

F. Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers

G. Eye contact can also be aggressive.

In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate tums toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here 's what hard science reveals about eye contact:

41. ________________

We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back . This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone's attention in a crowded room, "Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence,a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.

42.________

Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high- functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.

43.________

With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it's more likely to be associated with dominance OF intimidation in adversarial situations. Whether you're a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep 'in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson.

44.________

When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are   registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.

45.________

In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ-" A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.

答案：CEGAD

A. 眼睛注视很简短

B. 过多的目光接触本能地被认为是粗鲁的

C. 眼神交流可以是友好的社交信号

D. 性格会影响一个人对眼神接触的反应

E. 正在调查眼神接触背后的生物因素

F. 大多数人不习惯与陌生人进行眼神交流

G. 眼神接触也可能具有攻击性。

在社交场合，与另一个人的目光接触可以表明您以友好的方式关注。但它也可能是敌对的，例如当政治候选人在辩论中转向他们的竞争对手并进行眼神交流以表示敌意时。以下是硬科学揭示的眼神接触：

41. ________________

我们知道，一个典型的婴儿会本能地凝视母亲的眼睛，然后她会回头看。这种相互凝视是母子之间依恋的主要部分。成年后，以愉快的方式看别人可能是注意力的补充标志。它可以在拥挤的房间里引起某人的注意，“眼神接触和微笑”可以表示有空和自信，这是心理学家莫妮卡摩尔的研究支持的常识性概念。

42.________

神经科学家邦妮·奥格 (Bonnie Augeung) 发现，在记录他们注视方向的简短采访中，催产素激素会增加男性与采访者的目光接触量。这也发生在有一些自闭症谱系症状的高功能男性身上，他们可能倾向于避免眼神接触。其他研究正在使用先进的大脑扫描方法探索直接凝视时做出反应的特定大脑区域。

43.________

通过使用眼球追踪技术，哈佛肯尼迪政府学院的 Julia Minson 得出结论，眼神接触可以发出非常不同类型的信息，具体取决于情况虽然眼神接触在友好的情况下可能是一种联系或信任的标志，但它是更有可能与对抗性情况下的恐吓优势有关。无论你是政治家还是父母，记住“如果你试图说服与你有不同信仰的人，试图保持眼神交流可能会适得其反”可能会有所帮助，”明森说。

44.________

当我们看一张脸或一张照片时，我们的眼睛一次停在一个地方，通常是眼睛或嘴巴。这些停顿通常发生在每秒 3 次左右，然后眼睛跳到另一个点，直到图像中的几个重要点像一系列快照一样被记录下来。尽管这是当前研究的主题，但如何组装和感知整个图像仍然是一个谜。

45.____

根据芬兰研究人员 Jari Hietanen 及其同事的说法，在神经质测试中得分高的人中，与自我意识和焦虑相关的人格维度，眼神交流会引发更多与回避相关的活动。我们的研究结果表明，当人们成为关注的中心时，他们不仅感觉不同，而且他们的大脑反应也不同——”一个更直接的发现是，那些在焦虑等负面情绪上得分高的人看别人的时间更短，而且当其他人不直视他们时，他们会报告更舒适的感觉。