Lesson42
1. Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds, blocking roads, paths and railway lines. 1,500万棵树被狂风刮倒，把大小道路和铁路都堵塞了。
分析：1)本句中用了过去完成时的被动语态（been blown down）。过去完成时是一种与过去时相比较而存在的时态，用以表示“过去的过去”的动作或状态。本句的过去完成时是和上句的谓语动词woke up and found （过去时）相比较而存在的，表示“（过去）醒来之前，树就已经被刮倒了”的意思。
2)注意：用来修饰wind的一些形容词，如a high wind(强风),也可以说a strong wind。又如：an adverse/a contrary/head wind 逆风；a fair wind 顺风；a light/soft wind 微风；a cold/an icy/piercing wind 寒风。
3）blocking roads, paths and railway lines是-ing，用作状语，表示如结果。
The fire lasted for three hours, killing 15 workers in all. 大火持续了三个小时，总共死亡15名工人。
2. One woman was lying in bed, awake, listening to the rushing winds. (==..., she was awake and listened to the rushing winds.) 有位妇女醒着躺在床上，静听那疾驰而过的大风。
分析：awake在句中是形容词，作“醒着”解，它的反义词是asleep(睡着)。它们在句中用作表语，不作定语，如不说an awake woman，但可以说a wakeful woman。
—Is she awake or asleep? 她是醒着还是睡着了？
—She is awake. 她醒了。
但是，在本句中的形容词awake是状语，相当于being awake,表示伴随状态。
The thief hid himself in the corner, afraid of being caught. 小偷躲在角落里，担心被人捉住。
listening to the rushing winds 是-ing短语，在句中作伴随状语。
He lay on the grass, looking at the stars in the sky. 他躺在草地上，望着天上的星星。
3. The army was called in to cut through fallen trees and to help clear the roads and paths. 召来部队把倒下来的树锯断，并帮忙清理大小道路。
分析：1）call in 在句中作“请来”、“找来”、“召来”解。有“请人来作某种专业的咨询或帮忙”的意思。
I think we ought to call in a specialist at this point. 我想在这个时候应当请专家来看看。
2）短语动词cut through作“剪断”、“切断”解。
The tailor cut through the cloth by mistake. 裁缝误把这块布剪断了。
3）fallen trees倒下来的树。fallen是fall的过去分词，用作定语，修饰名词trees。
注意：过去分词有“被动”或“完成”的概念；单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词前面。
damaged houses被破坏的房屋。 injured people受伤的人；
注意：fallen trees与falling trees的区别：
前者是“已经倒下来的树”，强调动作的完成；后者是“正在倒下来的树”，强调动词的进行。
Lesson 43
1. But it will be more than 100 years before the country begins once again to look as it did before. 但是要过100多年以后，这个国家才能恢复到以前的样子。
分析：1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是it will be more than 100 years, 其中it指代“时间”。before the country ... to look ...是时间状语从句，这个before是连词。as it did before是一个方式状语从句，其中as是连词，作“同……一样”解。这个it指代the country，谓语动词did代替looked，以避免重复，这个从句中的before是副词，作“以前”解。
2)before 作连词用时，多译作“在……之前”。
Please remove your shoes before you enter the laboratory.进实验之前请先脱鞋。
before可译作“……（之后）才”。
He finished writing his composition before he went to play football. 他写完了作文才去踢足球。
3)once again/more作“再一次”、“重新”解。
Try it once again. 再试一次。
2. Surprisingly, the weather report on the evening before the storm said there would be strong winds, but not a hurricane. 令人惊奇的是，风暴发生之前的那个晚上，天气预报说，将有强风，而没有飓风。
分析：1)这是一个复合句。主句是the weather report ... said ..., 后跟宾语从句there would be strong winds …。but not a hurricane 是but there would not be a hurricane 的省略。
2)表示“在晚上”用in the evening。表示在某个特定的晚上时，要用介词on，如:
on Monday evening（在星期一的晚上），on the evening of December 12 （在12月12日的晚上），on the evening before the storm (在风暴发生前一天的那个晚上)。
过去分词作宾语补足语的用法
过去分词作宾语补足语的用法，它主要用在“主语+have / get / find/ …+宾语+过去分词”的句型中。现在分别说明三种不同的含义。
1． have sth. done结构
其中的done就是代表作宾语补足语用的过去分词，而have是使役动词，它在这种结构中不作“有”解，而作“请”、“派”、“使令”解。
1）表示“请/让/叫（别人为自己做某事）”的意思
I had my tap repaired. 我请人修好了水龙头。
2）表示“遭遇某种（不幸的）事情”，说明宾语的一种无意识的受动行为，并不说明“谁使（宾语）遭遇某事”。
She had her house damaged in the storm. 她的房屋在风暴中遭到了破坏。
3）表示“使完成某事”的意思，此事可以是别人完成的，也可以是自己参与完成的。
She told me she had had her house repaired. 她告诉我，她的房屋修好了。（“她”可能参加了修建工作，也可能没参加。）
注意：不要把have sth. done同have done sth. 混淆起来。后者现在完成时的结构，have 是助动词，本身无词义；而前者中的have是使役动词，本身有词义。试比较：
He had his watch repaired. 他请人把手表修好了。（别人修）
Ha has repaired his watch. 他已经修好了手表。（自己修）
下面一些例句，可让学生领会have sth. done的含义：
a. She's so ill. You ought to have her examined.
b. Her father had a new house built.
c. When did you have the rooms painted?
d. He had his face and hands burned in the fire.
e. The king had his head cut off.
f. I thought you had had everything well prepared.
2．get sth. done结构
get在这种结构中也是使役动词，也作“请”“派”“使令”
We got our water heater repaired last week. 上周我们（请人）把热水器修理了一下。
3．find sth. done结构
它的意思是“发现某物已经……”或“发现某物被……”，这个结构中的过去分词（done）表明宾语现在的情况，含有“完成”或“被动”的意思。
I found all the windows broken. 我发现窗户都（被打）破了。
练习：
1.he was disappointed to find his suggestions________.
A. been turned down B. turned down
C. to be turned down D. to turn down
2.---Good morning. Can I help you?
---I’d like to have this package ______, Madam.
A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed
3.The murderer was brought in with his hands ______behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
4.It is wise to have some money ______for old age.
A. put away B. keep up
C. given away D. laid up
Answers: BDDA
