Passage 1
Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and,
fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.
First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air.
One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurts and then paint it with one of the substances available from garden shops produced especially for
this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.
21. Pruning should be done to__________.
A. make the tree grow taller
B. improve the shape of the tree
C. get rid of the small branches
D. make the small branches thicker
22. Trees become unhealthy if the gardener__________.
A. allows too many branches to grow in the middle
B. does not protect them from wind
C. forces them to grow too quickly
D. damages some of the small side branches
23. Why is a special substance painted on the tree?
A. To make a wound smooth.
B. To prevent disease entering a wound.
C. To cover a rough surface.
D. To help a wound to dry.
24. A good gardener prunes a tree__________.
A. at intervals throughout the year
B. as quickly as possible
C. occasionally when necessary
D. regular every winter
25. What was the author's purpose when writing this passage?
A. To give practical instruction for pruning a tree.
B. To give a general description of pruning.
C. To explain how trees develop diseases.
D. To discuss different methods of pruning.
请阅读Passage 2，完成第26～30小题。
Passage 2
Drunken driving, sometimes called America's socially accepted form of murder, has become a national epidemic. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed hy
drunken drivers, adding up an incredible 350,000 over the past decade.
A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American alcohol image and judges were lenient in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.
Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18 to 20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21.Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop"responsible attitudes" about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink.
Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and in many areas already, to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks.
As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years' national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919, which President Hoover called the"noble experiment". They forget that legal prohibition didn't stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution.
26. Which of the following sentences best concludes the main idea of this passage?
A. Drunken driving has caused numerous fatalities in the United States.
B. It's recommendable to prohibit alcohol drinking around the United States.
C. The American society is trying hard to prevent drunken driving.
D. Drunken driving has become a national epidemic in the United State.
27. Which of the following four drivers can be defined as an illegal driver?
A. A sixteen-year-old boy who drank a glass of wine three hours ago.
B. An old lady who took four shots of whisky in yesterday's party.
C. A policeman who likes alcohol very much.
D. A pregnant woman who drank a beer an hour ago.
28. In reformers' opinion,__________is the most effective way to stop youngsters from drinking alcohol.
A. raising the legal drinking age from 18 to 21
B. forcing teenagers to obey disciplines
C. developing young people's sense of responsibility
D. pressing teenagers to take soft drinks
29. The rule that only people above 21 years of age can drink__________.
A. is a new law promoted by the twenty states
B. had been once adopted before the 1960s
C. has been enforced since the prohibition of alcohol
D. will be carried out all over the country
30. What is the author's attitude toward all the laws against drunken driving?
A. Optimistic.
B. Pessimistic.
C. Indifferent.
D. Ironic.
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