Passage 1
When we analyze the salt salinity(盐浓度) of ocean waters, we find that it varies only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salt stays behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white salt would be left behind; flus, by the
way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained.
The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation.
Normally, in hot regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly. in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.
A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner,seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.
In the Weddell Sea, the densest water in the ocean is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portion of the oceans of the world.
21. This passage mainly tells us about__________.
A. the analysis of the salinity of ocean waters
B. the causes of the variation in oceanic salinity
C. the importance of the changes in oceanic salinity
D. the different forms of salts in ocean waters
22. It can be known from the passage that increase in the salinity of ocean water is caused by__________.
A. melting of sea ice
B. precipitation
C. evaporation
D. supplement of salt
23. Which of the following is not the cause of the decrease in the oceanic salinity?
A. Precipitation.
B. Rain and snow.
C. Formation of ice.
D. Addition of water by rivers.
24. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Oceanic salinity has great effect on sea life.
B. Many factors combine to cause changes in oceanic salinity.
C. The movement of the water is related to the amount of salt.
D. The temperature of the water has much to do with the oceanic salinity.
25. The purpose of mentioning the Weddell Sea is__________.
A. to give an example of cold-water salinity
B. to point out the location of deep waters
C. to make a comparison between hot-water salinity and cold-water salinity
D. to show that the water in the Weddell Sea varies in salinity from place to place
请阅读Passage 2，完成第26～30小题。
Passage 2
Several decades ago, the US sociologists went so far as to develop a series of universal facial images supposed to represent the seven basic human emotions: happiness, sadness, surprise,fear, disgust, anger and neutrality. But now, a new study by researchers at the University of Glasgow indicates that these standardized facial images aren't so universal after all.
For the study, the Scottish researchers found 13 Western Caucasians (mainly Europeans)and 13 East Asians(mostly Chinese students). The volunteers were shown the standardized facial images and asked to identify the emotions being expressed. At the same time, the researchers electronically monitored the eye movements of the volunteers.
According to the results, published in the journal Current Biology, the Asian participants had a harder time than the Caucasians telling the difference between a face meant to look fearful compared with one showing surprise, and a face supposedly expressing disgust compared with one displaying anger. "This strongly suggests that the meanings of facial expressions are different across culture." says Rachael Jack, who led the study.
The study also showed that the volunteers focused on different parts of the face in their efforts to understand the underlying emotions."Westerners look at both the eyes and the mouth to the same degree, yet Easterners favor the eyes and overlook the mouth. This means that Easterners have difficulties distinguishing facial expressions that are similar around the eyes." Ms Jack says.
The faces representing fear and surprise"both have big, wide open eyes, while the mouths are very different." She notes."It would be difficult to distinguish between the two ... if you didn't look at the mouth."
So why would different cultures express emotions in different ways? Ms Jack thinks it may be considered impolite in some Asian cultures to display certain emotions in an obvious manner, and that they use more subtle ways to express them. In particular, muscle movements around their eyes could be more important for expressing feelings than over-expressive mouth movements, explaining why the Asian participants focused on the eyes, she says.
26. We can learn from Paragraph 1 that the study__________.
A. suggests different people use the same facial expressions to show their emotions
B. shows that human beings have more than seven basic emotions
C. there are seven basic human emotions
D. finds that different facial expressions can be easily understood
27. The fact that the Asian volunteers confused some facial expressions shows that__________.
A. different cultures have different facial expressions
B. people of different backgrounds share similar facial expressions
C. Easterners have a more complex system of facial expressions
D. Westerners and Easterners express their emotions in similar ways
28. In the experiment, the East Asian volunteers had difficulties distinguishing between fear and surprise because__________.
A. they found no differences between the mouths
B. they focused on the eyes and neglected the mouth
C. they were not good at reading faCial expressions
D. Easterners express fear and surprise in the same way
29. The Asian volunteers may have focused on the eyes because__________.
A. Easterners believe using the eyes to express feelings is more subtle
B. it's polite to focus on other people's eyes in some Asian cultures
C. Easterners tend to use the eyes to express their emotions
D. it's easier for Easterners to communicate using the eyes
30. The best title for the text would be__________.
A. How People in Different Cultures Express Themselves
B. Why the Eyes Are So Important When Talking
C. Easterners and Westerners Read Faces Differently
D. Communication Gets Lost in Translation
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