Passage 1
Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why they're always coming in for criticism.
Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. "It's iniquitous," they say, "that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why don't they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, it's the consumer who pays ..."
The poor old consumer! He'd have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn't create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read.
Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc, from an advertisement.
Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are,too!Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway by-laws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed columns of news in your daily paper?A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our
pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price !
Another thing we mustn't forget is the"small ads." which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community!Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the"hatch, match and dispatch" column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or"agony" column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. It's the best advertisement for advertising there is!
21. What is the main idea of this passage ?
A. Advertisement.
B. The benefits of advertisement.
C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities.
D. The costs of advertisement.
22. The attitude of the author towards advertisers is__________.
A. appreciative
B. trustworthy
C. critical
D. dissatisfactory
23. Why do the critics criticize advertisers?
A. Because advertisers often brag.
B. Because critics think advertisement is a "waste of money".
C. Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary.
D. Because customers pay more.
24. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything.
B. We can buy what we want.
C. Good quality products don't need to be advertised.
D. Advertisement makes our life colorful.
25. The passage is__________.
A. Narration
B. Description
C. Criticism
D. Argumentation
请阅读Passage 2，完成第26～30小题。
Passage 2
The process of perceiving others is rarely translated(to ourselves or others) into cold,objective terms."She was 5 feet 8 inches tall, had fair hair, and wore a colored skirt." More often, we try to get inside the other person to pinpoint his or her attitudes, emotions, motivations,abilities, ideas, and characters. Furthermore, we sometimes behave as if we can accomplish this difficult job very quickly--perhaps with a two-second glance.
We try to obtain information about others in many ways. Berger suggests several methods for reducing uncertainties about others; who are known to you so you can compare the observed person's behavior with the known others' behavior, observing a person in a situation where social behavior is relatively unrestrained or where a wide variety of behavioral responses are called for,deliberately structuring the physical or social environment so as to observe the person's responses to specific stimuli, asking people who have had or have frequent contact with the person about himor her, and using various strategies in face-to-face interaction to uncover information about another person--question, self-disclosures, and so on.
Getting to know someone is a never-ending task, largely because people are constantly
changing and the methods we use to obtain information are often imprecise. You may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him. If we accept the idea that we won't ever fully know another person, it enables us to deal more easily with those things that get in the way of accurate knowledge such as secrets and deceptions. It will also keep us from being too surprised or shocked by seemingly inconsistent behavior. Ironically, those things that keep us from knowing another person too well (e. g. secrets and deceptions) may be just as important to the development of a satisfying relationship as those things that enable us to obtain accurate knowledge about a person (e. g. disclosures and truthful statement).
26. According to the passage, if we perceive a person, we are likely to be interested in__________.
A. what he wears
B. how tall he is
C. how happy he is
D. what color he dyes his hair
27. Some people are often surprised by what other people do. According to Berger, that is mainly because__________.
A. some people are more emotional than others
B. some people are not aware of the fact that we will never completely know another person
C. some people are sensitive enough to sense the change of other people's attitudes
D. some people choose to keep to themselves
28. We may have known someone for ten years and still know very little about him because__________.
A. we don't accept the idea that we might never fully know another person
B. we often get information in a casual and inexact way
C. we pay more attention to other people's motivations and emotions
D. we often have face-to-face conversation with him
29. There are things that we find preventing us from knowing others. These things are__________.
A. disclosures
B. deceptions
C. stimuli
D. interactions
30. This passage mainly concerns__________.
A. the relationship between people
B. the perception of other people
C. secrets and deceptions of people
D. people's attitudes and characters
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