Passage 2
Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow-blindness． Yet, dark glasses or not,they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow-blindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light"．
The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snow-
blindness in troops in a snow-covered country． Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain． So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at． Finding nothing,hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye musclesache． Nature offsets this irritation by producing more and fluid which covers the eyeball． The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs, then is observed, and the result is
total, even though temporary, snow-blindness．
Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem． Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape． Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus． The men following can then see something．Their gaze is arrested． Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape． By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snow-blind or lost． In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome．
To prevent headaches, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow, dark glasses are__________ ．
A．indispensible
B．useful
C．ineffective
D．available
12、 When the eyes are sore tears are produced to
A．clear the vision
B．remedy snow-blindness
C．ease the irritation
D．loosen the muscles
13、 Snow-blindness may be avoided by__________ ．
A．concentrating to the solid white terrain
B．searching for something to look at in snow-covered terrain
C．providing the eyes with something to focus on
D．covering the eyeballs with fluid
14、 The scouts shake snow from evergreen bushes in order to__________ ．
A．give the men behind something to see
B．beautify the landscape
C．warm themselves in the cold
D．prevent the men behind from losing their way
15、A suitable title for this passage would be __________ ．
A．Snow-Blindness and How to Overcome It
B．Nature's Cure for Snow Blindness
C．Soldiers in the Snow
D．Snow Vision
16、 To establish the evaluation index system of evaluation of students' all-round development must include__________ ．
A．subject learning goals
B．general development goals
C．subject learning goals and general development goals
D．emotional goals
17、 Which is the most advantageous relationship mode between teachers and students for the development of students?
A．Managerial mode．
B．Permissive mode．
C．Arbitrary mode．
D．Democratic mode．
18、What is the teacher doing by saying this in terms of instruction?
"Now, did the questions help you understand the text better? "
A．Observing the activity．
B．Evaluating the activity．
C．Monitoring the activity．
D．Controlling the activity．
19、Which one does not belong to subjective quiz questions in the following English tests?
A．Writing．
B．Oral test．
C．Translation．
D．Cloze．
20、请阅读Passage l，完成第20-49小题。
Passage 1
In spite of all stories of prosperity in the United States, not only does poverty exist there, but crimes of various types have been increasing at an alarming rate． Most acts of violence were committed by young people． 57% of the criminals arrested in 1979 were youths below 25 of age．
Everyone agrees that crime is partly a result of bad material conditions: poverty, lack of education,living without a settled home,being parentless,sufferings from other kinds of misfortune, etc．
There are also other factors than material conditions which are responsible for the sharp increase of crime rate． In the first place, some state laws provide a death penalty but some not．Secondly, the Constitution allows every citizen to carry weapons for his own protection． It is therefore possible and easy for anyone in the country to get a gun． Finally, there has been too much shown on TV and too much reported in newspaper of all kinds of crime, the details of which are so accurately described that even children know how to duplicate what they have seen or read．
All these have resulted in a high frequency of crimes committed both by professional criminals and by nonprofessional ones in murder, drug smuggling, robbery, etc．
The author intends to tell the readers that__________．
A．the United States is a wealthy country although poverty and crime exist there
B．crime has become a serious problem in the United States, although it is said to be a prosperous one
C．despite the fact that crimes have been increasing rapidly in the United States, it is a country of prosperity
D．in spite of stories about poverty and crime in the United States, it is prospering at an increasing rate
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