三、教学情境分析题
32.【参考答案】
(1)该教学片段是课堂教学中的呈现与讲解环节和巩固与运用环节。在呈现语法与讲解阶段，该教师使用了归纳法：在巩固与运用阶段.该教师使用了演绎法。
(2)该教师在巩固与运用阶段使用了意义操练法。首先.该教师要求学生给出更多的例句。虽然该练习有部分模仿的成分，但句子由学生说出，教师的控制有限.学生会依据自己的想法和自身的实际造句。其次，教师给出图片，要求学生根据图片说出更多的句子.也属于意义操练范畴。意义操练的过程是在知识传授和能力培养之间架起一道桥梁，教师向学生单向传授知识转变为师生共同学习的双向交流.使学生动脑、动口学习，从而使他们的语言技能得到培养。
(3)除了意义操练外，常用的语法操练还有机械型操练和交际型操练等。
机械型操练是句型操练的初级阶段.对学生操练时理解的要求较低。其教学目的主要是帮助学生通过多次机械操练，正确无误地记忆句型，养成习惯，并能自动地初步掌握句型。机械性操练的方法有：替换操练、转换操练、并句操练等。
交际型操练要求学生在适当的情景中，自由使用所学的语法项目.用英语进行交流的活动.以培养学生用英语进行正常交际的技能。它强调以交际为目的的意义输出或理解，常见的方法有：讲故事、情景对话、小组讨论、角色扮演等。
四、教学设计题
33.【参考设计】
Class Type: Writing class, 1 period
Teaching Contents: The topic is about writing an article about making a band.
Teaching Objectives:
(1) Knowledge objective
Students can write down their own opinions about having a band and share it with their friends.
(2) Ability objective
Students will improve their writing and speaking abilities.
(3) Emotional objective
After learning this lesson, students will know how to express their opinions logically.
Teaching Key Point:
How to write an article and share their new ideas with their friends.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to use the ability of writing in real situations in their lives.
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Lead-in (5 minutes)
Ask students to listen to some music and guess the names of these music. After guessing the names, tell them these music are from a famous band--Monkees. Then tell them some specific information about this band and let them have a discussion.
T: What's your favorite band? Do you want to have your own band? Today we are going to learn something about the band.
(Justifications: To catch their attentions and lay better English learning surroundings for the further study.)
Step 2 Pre-writing (10 minutes)
Ask students to read the reading material and complete the form.
Suggested answers: The TV organizers had looked for 4 musicians. →They put an ad looking for rock musicians.
→They only found one and had to use actors for other members of the band. →They gave a TV show, which became a huge hit.→They played and sang songs written by other musicians. →They started to play and sing their own songs like a real band.
And then answer the following questions together.
T: Suppose you are going to form your own band. Have a discussion in a group of four.
How should you form your own band?
(1) What's your band's name?
(2) What kind of band will you be? For example, will you be a rock band or a country style band?
(3) Who is the lead singer? Who will play which instrument (guitar, drum, piano, violin and saxophone)?
(4) Where to play?
(5) How to make your band famous?
(Justification: After reading the reading parts the students will know something about having a band, and they can open their mind. The discussion can help them think about the idea of making a band more deeply.)
Step 3 While-writing (15 minutes)
(1) Drafting
Then set a situation that they can write to their friends to express ideas of making a band and the above discussions will be helpful for their writing. Ask students to write a draft.
(2) Peer editing
After the drafting, ask students to check their articles with deskmates. They should read the passage and check the ideas or the logical development. Also, check carefully the grammar, spelling and punctuation of their writings.
(Justification: In this part, they can write down their own ideas about the band and they can also learn from each other.)
Step 4 Post-writing (10 minutes)
Ask several students to read their passages and then give some evaluations from the advantages and disadvantages. Then ask students to revise their articles according to the evaluations.
(Justification: This is also a very important part for my students, they can know where their mistakes are and
they can get to know how to check it after the teacher's evaluation. It's a good chance to open their minds to the teacher and their writing skills can be improved.)
Step 5 Summary and Homework (5 minutes)
Summary: Ask students about what they have learned today.
Homework: Ask students to go on to revise the writing according to the evaluations and search the Internet for more information about music. Ask them to choose an English song for their band to perform next class.
(Justification: After this, students can learn more about music and express their feelings on music with friends.)
Blackboard Design:
How should you form your own band?
(1) What's your band's name?
(2) What kind of band will you be? For example, will you be a rock band or a country style band?
(3) Who is the lead singer? Who will play which instrument (guitar, drum, piano, violin and saxophone)?
(4) Where to play?
(5)How to make your band famous?
Teaching Reflection.
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