您现在的位置:233网校>教师资格证>中学学科知识历年真题>英语学科真题

2018下半年教师资格证考试《初中英语》真题答案

来源:233网校 2018年11月3日

一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题。每小题2分,共60分)

1. Which of the following underlined parts is different from others in pronunciation?

A. wished

B. jumped

C. kissed

D. waited

2. Which of the following shows the general intonation pattern in a complex sentence?

A. When I started my↗career there was no↗unemployment.

B. When I started my↗ career there was no↘ unemployment.

C. When I started my↘career there was no ↗unemployment.

D. When I started my↘ career there was no ↘ unemployment.

3. All the_______in this school are taught by the same teacher.

A. six-year-olds

B. six-years-old

C. six-year-old

D. six-years-olds

4. The risk of infection for that patient hasn't diminished after the operation._______, it has increased.

A. On the whole

B. On the contrary

C. On the average

D. On the other hand

5. Testing is still a usual means_______which students' progress is measured.

A. in

B. at

C. of

D. by

6. Many people_______in the project at both research and editing stages and we would like to thank them all here.

A. have involved

B. have been involved

C. having involved

D. having been involved

7. Only until very recently_______possible that grammarians are able to make accurate statements about the rules of some languages.

A. has it been

B. it has been

C. was it

D. it was

8. This is not_______they had expected after years of painstaking research.

A. a result as bad as

B. as a result as bad

C. as bad as a result

D. as bad a result as

9. Which of the following words is formed through derivation?

A. Students.

B. Shorter.

C. Bought.

D. Insanity.

10. The utterance “Now, correct me if I'm wrong ...”suggests that people are likely to observe the_______Maxim in daily conversations.

A. Quantity

B. Quality

C. Relevance

D. Manner

11. When a teacher asks students to brainstorm what they will write about an unforgettable trip,he/she mainly focuses on_______.

A. ideas

B. layout

C. style

D. feedback

12. Which of the following is a communicative task?

A. Reading aloud the dialogue on page 24.

B. Writing a party invitation to your Mends.

C. Translating the first paragraph into Chinese.

D. Making sentences with the expressions given.

13. What is being practised if a teacher asks students to read words like "cot, hot" and "dog,log"?

A. Spelling and structure.

B. Stress and sound.

C. Minimal pairs.

D. Phonetic symbols.

14. What teaching method is used by the teacher if much of his/her class time is spent on drilling sentence patterns followed by exercises like repetition, memorization, mimicry, etc.?

A. The Natural Approach.

B. The Communicative Approach.

C. The Audio-lingual Method.

D. The Grammar-translation Method.

15. According to the affective-filter hypothesis,_______is NOT an affective factor influencing language learning.

A. attitude

B. motivation

C. interest

D. intelligence

16. What does his/her feedback focus on if a teacher's comment is “John, it would be much better if you have given more details,t” ?

A. Content.

B. Language.

C. Attitude.

D. Aptitude.

17. Which of the following is a referential question?

A. Where was Yang Liwei born?

B. Who is the first Chinese astronaut?

C. Why do you think Yang Liwei is a great astronaut?

D. When did Yang Liwei begin his historic space travel?

18. Having lived in China for a long time, John could fully understand the cultural shocks experienced by his Chinese students. Which of the following traits does John have in this instance?

A. Avoidance.

B. Empathy.

C. Extroversion.

D. Introversion.

19. When the teacher asks students to read a text for the main idea, he/she intends to develop students' skill of_______.

A. retelling

B. predicting

C. skimming

D. scanning

20. Which of the following is based on the communicative view of language?

A. Structural syllabus.

B. Skill-based syllabus.

C. Genre-based syllabus.

D. Functional-notional syllabus.

请阅读 Passage 1,完成第21-25小题。

Passage 1

There are two kinds of motive for engaging in any activity: internal and instrumental. If a scientist conducts research because she wants to discover important facts about the world, that's an internal motive, since discovering facts is inherently related to the activity of research. If she conducts research because she wants to achieve scholarly renown, that's an instrumental motive, since the relation between fame and research is not so inherent. Often, people have both for doing things.

What mix of motives--internal or instrumental or both--is most conducive to success? You might suppose that a scientist motivated by a desire to discover facts and by a desire to achieve renown will do better work than a scientist motivated by just one of those desires. Surely two motives are better than one. But as we and our colleagues argue in a paper newly published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, instrumental motives are not always an asset and can actually be counterproductive to success.

We analyzed data drawn from 11320 cadets in nine entering classes at the United States Military Academy at West Point, all of whom rated how much each of a set of motives influenced their decision to attend the academy. The motives included things like a desire to get a good job later in life and a desire to be trained as a leader in the United States Army.

How did the cadets fare years later? How did their progress relate to their original motives for attending West Point?

We found, unsurprisingly, that the stronger their internal reasons were to attend West Point, the more likely cadets were to graduate and become commissioned officers. Also unsurprisingly, cadets with internal motives did better in the military (as evidenced by early promotion recommendations)than did those without internal motives and were also more likely to stay in the military after their five years of mandatory service.

Remarkably, cadets with strong internal and strong instrumental motives for attending West Point performed worse on every measure than did those with strong internal motives but weak instrumental ones. They were less likely to graduate, less outstanding as military officers and less committed to staying in the military.

Our study suggests that efforts should be made to structure activities so that instrumental consequences do not become motives. Helping people focus on the meaning and impact of their work, rather than on, say, the financial returns it will bring, may be the best way to improve not only the quality of their work but also their financial success.

There is a temptation among educators and instructors to use whatever motivational tools are available to recruit participants or improve performance. If the desire for military excellence and service to country fails to attract all the recruits that the Army needs, then perhaps appeals to “money for collegecareer training” or “seeing the world”will do the job. While this strategy may lure

more recruits, it may also yield worse soldiers. Similarly, for students uninterested in learning,financial incentives for good attendance or pizza parties for high performance may prompt them to participate, but it may result in less well-educated students.

21. According to the passage, which of the following is an internal motive for a newly recruited soldier?

A. To serve the country.

B. To receive career training.

C. To earn money for college.

D. To broaden their scope of vision.

22. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cadets” in Paragraph 3?

A. In-service soldiers.

B. Military researchers.

C. Military officers.

D. Military trainees.

23. According to the passage, which of the following is conducive to career success?

A. Strong internal and strong instrumental motives.

B. Strong internal and weak instrumental motives.

C. Weak internal and strong instrumental motives.

D. Weak internal and weak instrumental motives.

24. What do the writers disapprove concerning the current situation of attracting recruits?

A. Taking into account applicants' internal motives.

B. Making them focus on the meaning of their work.

C. Relying on whatever motivational tools available.

D. Taking into account applicants' instrumental motives.

25. What can be the best title for the article?

A. Motivation and Fame

B. Two Types of Motives

C. The Secret of Effective Motivation

D. The Study on the Function of Motives

请阅读Passage 2, 完成第 26~30 小题。

Passage 2

The ritual of English tea time is believed to have originated in the late 1700's when Anna,Duchess of Bedford, ordered that a plate of cakes be sent up to her with her afternoon cup of tea.

The Duchess chronically experienced a “sinking feeling” (what we would term “low blood sugar”) in the late afternoon. To tide her over the long hours between meals she turned to carbohydrates.

 Other royals immediately copied the Duchess, and afternoon tea parties became quite

fashionable. Low tables were set up in front of sofas and chairs, and the ladies found a new opportunity to show off pretty clothes, fine china, embroidered linen tablecloths and napkins, and silver tableware.

Tea time was also the time to exchange juicy gossip and serve refreshments. Soon darling little sandwiches and sweet pastries as well as scones were being arranged on decorative stands and plates for the ladies' pleasure.

The tea party mania quickly spread across the Atlantic where tea was already enjoyed as a beverage. This fondness for tea was later suppressed by the patriotic Americans during the era immediately preceding the American Revolution because of the unreasonable British tax on tea.

However, by April 27,1776, Congress announced in the Philadelphia Packet that “the drinking of tea can now be indulged.” The custom of afternoon tea parties was not really revived in this country, though, until the mid-1800's, when Victorian ways were in vogue here. Leisure-class American ladies began having“kettledrums” at 4 p.m.. “Kettledrums”was called that in connection with the term “teakettle” . Petits fours and other dainty delights were served amid Victorian opulence.

 A Victorian diarist, Maud Berkeley (Maud: The Illustrated Diary of a Victorian Woman,Chronicle Books,1987) gave an anecdote concerning tea time: "Mrs. Barnes had out a lovely tea-cloth for her tea-party, worked all over with cyclamens and honeysuckle. Shoggie Boucher, unused to such dainty, contrived to slop his tea all over it. Thankful it was not I. As it was, my new feather boa, which I wore for the first time, got into my teacup, causing much alarm and merriment to all assembled. Lilian Black-Barnes was, as ever, strong in adversity and wrung out the offending object in the kitchen sink. Fear it may never be the same again, none the less."

My family, mother, and I were able to relieve some of that sophisticated elegance (minus the drippy boa) when we had tea at the Ritz in London. The Palm Court, an open area on the ground floor of the hotel, is a study in turn-of-the-century decor. Gilt statuary, palms, and other plants, and stylishly-set little tables beckon welcomingly under high-up, rose-tinted skylights.

Our waiter brought us a selection of finger sandwiches of smoked salmon, ham, cucumber,Cheddar cheese, cream cheese, and chives, or egg salad. Scones (similar to American biscuits) were offered with butter, and various preserves and jellies.

Along with this we were served Indian or China tea, and hot chocolate for my young daughter.

Then the dapper waiter presented a vast tray holding many French pastries and cakes from which we could choose. After several teeny sandwiches and a couple of marmalade-coated scones, a chocolate eclair seemed to add carbohydrate overload to carbo-loading, but “when in England, do as the English do”.

This tea feast was served between 3:30 and 5:30 p.m. Around 10:00 p.m., we had regained just enough appetite to sample some fish and chips (French fries), and then we put our weary stomachs and ourselves to bed.

26. What can be inferred about the writer's opinion concerning what is served at the British teatime?

A. The English have taken in excessive carbohydrate.

B. The English prefer to have different types of drinks.

C. The English are not particular about the food varieties.

D. The English have a peculiar liking for junk food.

27. Which of the following is a typical feature of Victorian tea time?

A. An occasion to gather with family.

B. An occasion to demonstrate patriotism.

C. An occasion to show off delicacy and elegance.

D. An occasion to entertain the British royal members.

28. Why does the author quote Maud Berkeley in the passage?

A. To define the nature of Victorian tea time.

B. To prove that tea time is fashionable in America.

C. To exemplify how exquisite an English tea time ritual was.

D. To contrast the difference between English and American tea time.

29. Which of the following is close in meaning to the underlined word “weary” in the last paragraph?

A. Exhausted.

B. Tedious.

C. Energetic.

D. Greedy.

30. Which of the following is not employed in the passage?

A. Quotation.B. Flashback.

C. Concrete example. D. Comparison and contrast.

二、简答题(本大题1小题,20分)

根据题目要求完成下列任务,用中文作答。

31.简述形成性评价(formative assessment)的含义(4分),列举两种形成性评价的方法或手段(8分),并提出实施中应该注意的两个问题(8分。

三、教学情境分析题(本大题1小题。30分)

根据题目要求完成下列任务,用中文作答。

32.下面是某教师一节听说课听前环节的教学实录,单元话题为My favourite animal。

图片.png

根据所给材料从下列三个方面作答。

(1)分析该听前教学活动设计的两个优点。(10分)

(2)分析该教学片段存在的两个问题。(10分)

(3)针对每个问题提出一条改进建议。(10分)

四、教学设计题(本大题1小题,40分)

根据提供的信息和语言素材设计教学方案,用英文作答。

33.设计任务:

请阅读下面的学生信息和语言素材,设计20分钟的口语教学方案。教案没有固定格式,

但须包含下列要点:

·teaching objectives

·teaching contents

·key and difficult points

·major steps and time allocation

·activities and justifications

教学时间:20分钟

学生概况:某城镇普通中学七年级(初中一年级)学生,班级人数40人。多数学生已经达到《义务教育英语课程标准(2011年版)》二级水平。学生课堂参与积极性一般。

语言素材:

Ms Li: Hello, my name is Li Fang. I'm your teacher and you are my students. I'm Chinese. I'm from Wuhan. What's your name?

Lingling: My name is Wang Lingling.

Ms Li: Nice to meet you, Lingling. Where are you from?

Lingling: I'm from Beijing. I'm Chinese.

Ms Li: How old are you?

Lingling: I'm thirteen years old.

Ms Li: Good. Hello, what about you?

Daming: Hello, Ms Li, my name is Li Daming and I'm from Beijing, too. I'm twelve years old.

Ms Li: Thanks. Hello, are you from America?

Tony: No, I'm not. I'm from England. I'm Tony Smith.

Ms Li: Nice to meet you, Tony. Hi, are you English, too?

Betty: No, I'm not. I'm American and my name is Betty King.

Lingling: Tony and Betty are our friends.

Ms Li: Good! Welcome to Class 4 Grade 7!


参考答案及解析

一、单项选择题

1.【答案】D。解析:本题考查语音知识。规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音:①在清辅音后读作/t/ ;②在浊辅音和元音后读作/d/;③在们后读作/Id/。wished,jumped,kissed三个单词画线部分的发音均为/t/,waited画线部分的发音为/Id/。故本题选D。

2.【答案】B。解析:本题考查语音知识。含状语从句的复合句的语调分为两种情况:①若主句在前,从句在后,主句结束时意思已经比较完整,则主句通常用降调,整个句子读完时也应该用降调;②若从句在前,主句在后,则语调通常是“前升后降”。故本题选B。

3.【答案】A。解析:本题考查名词用法。句意为“在这所学校里,所有六岁的学生都由同一个老师来教”。分析句子成分可知,空格处应填名词形式。six.year-old相当于形容词;six.year-olds则为名词复数,表示同一类人。故本题选A。

4.【答案】B。解析:本题考查介词短语辨析。句意为“在手术后,那位病人的感染风险并没有降低,_______增加了”。on the whole“整体上”;on the contrary“相反”,符合题意;0n the average“一般来说”;on the other hand“另一方面”。故本题选B。

5.【答案】D。解析:本题考查介词用法。句意为“测试仍然是检测学生进步程度的一种常用的方式”。分析句子成分可知,空格后面是定语从句,means所在成分在从句中作方式状语;by可表示“通过,凭借,借助”。故本题选D。

6.【答案】B。解析:本题考查时态和语态。句意为“很多人已经参与到这项工程的研究和编写阶段,在此我们要感谢他们”。分析句子成分可知,and连接前后两个完整的句子,前半句缺少谓语,故排除C、D。many people和involve之间是被动关系,be involved in“参与,涉及”。故本题选B。

7.【答案】A。解析:本题考查倒装。句意为“直到最近,语法学家才能够对一些语言规则进行精准阐述”。当“only+状语”位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装,即把谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词放至主语的前面。根据后半句中的are able to可知本句为现在时态,故排除C、D。故本题选A。

8.【答案】D。解析:本题考查as…as的用法。句意为“经过多年的潜心研究,这个结果并不像他们预期的那么糟糕”。as…as意为“和……一样”,表示同级的比较,其基本结构为as+adj./adv.+(冠词)+名词+as。故本题选D。

9.【答案】D。解析:本题考查构词法。题干:下面哪一个单词是通过派生法形成的?派生法指在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词的方法,如unconscious(无意识的),national(民族的)都是通过派生法形成的。通过派生法构成的词的词类有的发生改变,有的保持不变。屈折变化是通过添加屈折词缀(如数、人称、格等)来表现语法关系;屈折词缀不会改变词干的词类。A项是student的复数形式,B项是short的比较级形式,C项是buy的过去式,三者都是通过添加屈折词缀变化而来。只有D项是insane的派生词。故本题选D。

10.【答案】B。解析:本题考查会话含义理论。题干:在日常对话中,“如果我错了,现在请纠正我……”这个句子表明人们可能遵循什么准则?Quantity Maxim“数量准则”,Quality Maxim“质量准则”,Relevance Maxim“关系准则”,Manner Maxim“方式准则”。质量准则是指设法使你的话语真实:①不要说自知是虚假的话;②不要说缺乏足够证据的话。故本题选B。

11.【答案】A。解析:本题考查写作教学。题干:在进行“难忘的旅途”写作前,教师要求学生进行头脑风暴,该教师主要关注的是。ideas“思想,想法”,layout“布局”,style“风格”,feedback“反馈”。“头脑风暴”一般在写前进行,用于帮助学生收集想法,使学生产生思路。故本题选A。

12.【答案】B。解析:本题考查课堂活动。题干:以下哪个选项属于交际性任务?A项“朗读第24页的对话”,B项“给你的朋友写一封聚会邀请函”,C项“将第一段翻译成汉语”,D项“用所给短语造句”。communicative activity即各种形式的交际性活动,在活动中学生通过完成目标任务,即真实的交际性任务,达到真正运用语言的目的。A、C、D三项的任务都没有放在真实的交际语境中,故本题选B。

13.【答案】c。解析:本题考查语音教学。最小对立体,也称最小对立对,指除了出现在同一个位置上的一个音之外其余都相同的两个语音组合。题目中的cot与hot,dog与log两组词都只有一个音素的差别,因此该教师让学生练习的是最小对立体。故本题选C。

14.【答案】C。解析:本题考查教学方法。题干:如果一节课的大部分时间都是在练习句型,并且配有重复、记忆和模仿等练习,那么教师运用的是什么教学方法?A项“自然法”是一种在单词和短语同事物之间建立直接联系的教学方法,旨在把抽象的意义还原为形象具体的现实。B项“交际法”是以语言功能项目为纲,培养在特定的社会语境中运用语言进行交际的能力的一种教学法体系,旨在培养交际能力。c项“听说法”以句型为中心,强调反复操练,以模仿、重复和记忆的方式学习。D项“语法翻译法”以培养学生的阅读能力为

主要的教学目的,强调阅读原著和名著,不注重口语。故本题选c。

15.【答案】D。解析:本题考查二语习得。题干:根据情感过滤假说,不是影响语言学习的情感因素。根据克拉申的情感过滤假说,语言学习的好坏因人而异,差别主要产生于心理方面的因素。因学习者在学习动机、态度、信心等情感方面的强度不同,形成强弱不同的心理障碍。第二语言习得的过程受到许多情感因素的影响。语言输入必须通过情感过滤才有可能变成语言“吸收”。态度、动力和兴趣都属于情感的范畴。intelligence“智力”不属于该范畴。故本题选D。

16.【答案】A。解析:本题考查教学实施和评价。题干:如果一位教师这样评论学生“约翰,如果你能给出更多的细节信息,那就更好了”,那么该教师的反馈主要关注什么?A项“内容”,B项“语言”,C项“态度”,D项“天赋,能力”。教师的反馈是希望学生给出更多信息,所以该教师的反馈关注内容。故本题选A。

17.【答案】C。解析:本题考查课堂提问。题干:下面哪一个是参考性问题?课堂问题可分为展示性问题(display questions)和参考性问题(referential questions 0展示性问题是指教师已经知道答案或者答案能在相关工具书中找到,提问只是为了考查学生对语言知识的掌握情况的问题。参考性问题是指教师所提的问题没有预设的答案,提问的目的在于使学生发散思维寻求信息的问题。A、B、D三项都是展示性问题,答案具有固定性。故本题选C。

18.【答案】B。解析:本题考查跨文化交际。题干:在中国居住很长时间后,约翰完全能理解他的中国学生经历的文化冲击。在这个事例中约翰有以下哪一种特质?A项“规避”,B项“共情,共鸣”,c项“外向型”,D项“内向型”。共情又称同理心、同感等,它是指教师要借助知识、经验、技巧和学生的言行,深入学生内心去体验他的情感、思维,去真正地理解学生。约翰在中国居住很长时间之后,能完全理解中国学生经历的文化冲击,体现出约翰对中国学生产生了共情。故本题选B。

19.【答案】c。解析:本题考查阅读技能。题干:教师让学生读文章获取大意,目的是训练学生的什么能力?A项“复述”,B项“预测”,c项“略读”,D项“寻读”。略读是一种快速浏览的阅读方式,其目的是了解文章的大意。故本题选C。

20.【答案】D。解析:本题考查英语教学大纲。题干:下列哪一项是基于交际性语言观产生的?A项“结构型教学大纲”,B项“技能型教学大纲”,C项“体裁型教学大纲”,D项“功能一意念型教学大纲”。功能一意念型教学大纲是把学习者运用语言的需要作为出发点,以交际为基础的大纲模式,它所教授的语言需要表达和理解各种功能,并强调交际过程。故本题选D。

Passage l

21.【答案】A。解析:细节题。最后一段提到“If the desire for military excellence and service to country fails to attract all the recruits that the Army needs,then perhaps…will do the job”,即如果追求军事卓越和为国家服务的

渴望不能吸引新兵服役,那么也许可以用“赚大学费用”“职业培训”或“增长见识”来吸引新兵。结合前文可知,“赚大学费用”“职业培训”和“增长见识”都属于功利性动机;“为国家服务”属于内部动机。故本题选A。

22.【答案】D。解析:词汇题。根据题干关键词“cadets”定位到第三段中的“we analyzed data drawn from11320 cadets in nine entering classes at the United States Military Academy at West Point…”由此可知,cadets指美国军事学院西点军校的学员。A项“在职军人”,B项“军事研究员”,c项“军官”,D项“军校学员”。故本题选D。

23.【答案】B。解析:细节题。根据第六段中的“…cadets with strong internal and strong instrumental motives for attending West Point performed worse on every measure than did those with strong internal motives but weak instrumental ones”可知,拥有较高内部动机和较低功利性动机更有助于事业的成功。故本题选B。

24.【答案】C。解析:推断题。根据最后一段可知,教育工作者和指导者正面临着诱惑——使用任何可用的激励手段来招收新兵,虽然暂时能够招募到新兵,但是这样只能培养出更加糟糕的士兵。C项“依靠任何可用的激励工具”违背原文,这也是作者不同意的地方。故本题选C。

25.【答案】C。解析:主旨题。全文以“动机”为话题进行叙述,并对两种动机即内部动机和功利性动机的功能展开阐述,重点讲述了人们应如何保持合理动机,才能对工作、生活产生积极影响,从而解释了有效动机的内涵。C项能够概括全文主旨。

Passage 2

26.【答案】A。解析:细节题。根据第二段中的“To tide her over the long hours between meals she tumed to carbohydrates”和第四段中的“…little sandwiches and sweet pastries as well as scones...”可推断出,英国人在下午茶时摄入了太多的碳水化合物。B项“英国人更喜欢不同种类的饮料”,原文提到的饮料只有tea。C项“英国人对食物的种类不讲究”,与原文意思相反。D项“英国人对垃圾食品情有独钟”,下午茶的点心并非垃圾食品。故本题选A。

27.【答案】c。解析:细节题。根据题干中的“Victorian tea time”定位到第六段。根据“Leisure—class American ladies began having‘kettledrums’at 4 p.m..‘Kettledrums’was called that in connection with the term‘teakettle’.Petits fours and other dainty delights were served amid Victorian opulence”可知,维多利亚时期下午茶的特点是轻松、精致、奢华。故本题选c。

28.【答案】c。解析:推断题。根据题干关键词“Maud Berkeley”定位至第七段。Maud Berkeley描述维多利亚时期的下午茶:Barnes夫人用可爱的桌布、各种花草装饰茶会;有人不习惯这种精致,把茶水洒在上面;“我”的羽毛围巾掉进了茶杯里,引起了围观者的警告和嬉笑,有人帮忙在厨房水槽边拧干……。据此可以推断,这个例子是为了说明英国的下午茶是多么精致。故本题选C。

29.【答案】A。解析:词汇题。根据题干定位到最后一段的最后一句话。weary stomach是指人们在享受完下午茶及晚餐后,在胃里还塞满了美食没有消化的情况下就入睡了。weary“疲倦的,厌烦的”,此处表示胃部由于塞满食物而充实的状态。exhausted“精疲力竭的”,tedious“沉闷的”,energetic“精力充沛的”,greedy“贪婪的”。根据句意可知本题选A。

30.【答案】B。解析:推断题。quotation“引用”,flashback“倒叙”,concrete example“举例”,comparison and contrast“比较和对比”。第六段第一句“However,by April 27,1776,Congress announced in the Philadelphia Packet that‘the drinking oftea can now be indulged.”’和第七段进行了引用,故排除A。倒数第四段到倒数第二段运用例子来描述英国的下午茶,故排除C。全文将英国下午茶和美国的下午茶进行对比,故用到了对比手法,排除D。flashback“倒叙”,经常用于小说故事的描述中,本文并没有涉及。故本题选B。

二、简答题

31.【参考答案】

(1)形成性评价的含义:

形成性评价是指在某项教学活动过程中,评价活动本身的效果,用以调节活动过程,保证目标的实现而进行的评价,是为指导教学过程顺利进行而对学生在学习过程中使用所学知识进行学习活动的情况的评价。

(2)形成性评价的方法:

①量化评价法。

a.调查表。调查表主要用于在学生学习某一单元、某一课之前所进行的简短调查。通过对学生的调查,一方面可以了解学生已有的水平和存在的问题;另一方面可以帮助教师及时调整教学进度和教学策略。

b.评价量表。评价量表用于学生在进行一个阶段的学习后所进行的综合评价,一般每个模块以2-3次为宜。评价量表通过分项目、分内容、分等级、分不同的评价者进行评价。

②质性评价法。

a.优秀作品。为了弥补评价量表的不足,学生可以通过展示自己的优秀作品说明学习过程中所取得的一些重要成果,包括习作、研究性论文、小制作等。

b.概念图。学生学习完一个或几个单元以后,可以通过图表的方式来归纳和总结阶段性学习的重点、难点、所需掌握的主要语言技能、各语言知识之间的联系等。

c.录音或录像。由于交际功能是语言的重要功能之一,培养学生良好的口语表达能力是英语教学的重要目标。对学生的口语进行录音或对学生的英语表演进行录像,将有助于教师全面了解学生在语言交际能力方面存在的不足。

d.成长记录袋。成长记录袋主要收集学生在学习过程中生成的各种作品(如作业、论文、手工作品、表演录像等),用以展现学生的努力、成就与进步,描述学生学习的过程与结果。

e.教师观察。观察是评价学生学习行为的基本方式。教师可以观察学生日常学习的诸多方面,比如,观察学生在课堂上如何做出反应,如何使用教材,在小组活动中如何与其他同学相互交流与合作,如何有效地展示自己对所学内容的理解。通过观察,教师可以了解学生学会了什么,哪些学习策略对学生有帮助,学生喜欢哪些活动和材料等。

f.访谈/座谈。教师与学生间的访谈或座谈有利于评价学生的个人学习情况和需求。在与学生的交谈中,教师可以发现学生对自己学习情况的感觉和看法。交谈的主题可以根据学生个人的需要和教学要求来定。

g.读书笔记。为了鼓励学生大量阅读,教师可以要求学生写读书笔记或让他们谈读后感。这样,学生不是为读书而读书,而是通过读书学会思考问题,进而表达自己的思想和感情。

h.项目和演示。教师可以鼓励学生完成一些学习项目,比如,两个星期做一次采访报告或两个月做一项保护环境的规划等。在完成项目的过程中,教师应鼓励学生进行创造性思考。项目完成后,教师可以让学生做相关的书面报告和课堂演示。

(考生列举两种即可。)

(3)形成性评价实施中应该注意的问题:

①评价时既要关注学生的学习结果,更要关注学生的学习过程。评价要强化诊断和发展功能,弱化甄别和选拔功能;反映学生学习的成绩和进步,激励学生学习,帮助学生认识自我,树立学习的信心。

②教师进行教学评价后要及时向学生提供反馈信息,帮助学生了解在学习过程中存在的问题,尽快找出原因,并想出对策加以解决。

三、教学情境分析题

32.【参考答案】

(1)该听前教学活动的两个优点:

①该教师让学生猜自己最喜欢的动物,从而引出本节听说课的主题My favourite animal,并为后面学生运用“What is your favourite animal?”的句型做了铺垫。此外,该教师利用直观教具毛绒兔子,有效地调动了学生的学习兴趣与积极性。

②该教师在PPT上呈现听力材料中涉及的动物词汇,目的是在听前阶段为学生扫除听力过程中可能遇到的生词障碍。

(2)该教学片段存在的两个问题:

①教师在PPT上呈现听力材料中涉及的所有动物词汇,并逐一领读,这种词汇学习的方法单一枯燥,不能调动学生的积极性,容易使学生失去兴趣。

②教师只带领学生围绕单词进行学习,没有引导学生对听力材料的内容进行预测。

(3)两个改进建议:

①从前面学生的回答中,可知学生已掌握了monkey,panda,elephant这几个单词。此外,根据材料可判断出本节课的听说重点应该围绕“What is your favourite animal?And why?”进行。因此教师只需重点呈现听力材料涉及的生词以及一些相关的形容词,并且采用图片、视频、音频等多种方式开展教学,充分激发学生的学习兴趣。

②在听前阶段,教师的主要任务是帮助学生熟悉听力话题,所以教师在激活学生已有知识并扫除听力障碍后,可以设置一两个问题或相关表格,让学生预测所听材料的主要内容,并让学生带着问题去听,以便收到良好的听力效果。

四、教学设计题

33.【参考设计】

Teaching Contents:

This material is a dialogue between a teacher and four students, which is mainly about where they are from and

how old they are.

Teaching Objectives:

(1) Knowledge objectives

① Students can understand the meaning of the speaking material.

② Students can master the sentence patterns:

What is your name? My name is ...

Where are you from? I'm from ... I'm a/an ...

How old are you? I'm ...

(2) Ability objectives

① Students can improve their speaking and listening abilities through the group work.

② Students can fluently introduce themselves to others.

(3) Emotional objective

Students can foster their interest and desire of learning English, and can be fond of taking part in class activities.Teaching Key and Difficult Points:

(1) Teaching key point

Students can understand and use the sentence patterns to talk with others.

(2) Teaching difficult point

Students can foster the interest of learning English and apply the sentences into daily life.

Major Steps:

Step 1 Presentation (6 minutes)

(1) Show students a picture about the first day of new school life and ask students to guess what the dialogue is mainly about. After two minutes, invite two students to share their answers with the whole class.

(2) Ask students to listen to the conversation to get the main idea, and then to fill in the chart.

图片.png

(Justification: The picture can help students guess the main idea. Listening and filling in the chart can help students seize details of the conversation and develop their listening ability.)

Step 2 Practice (9 minutes)

Activity I:

Divide students into groups of four, and ask them to practise the conversation. Then invite several groups to act out the conversation in the front of the classroom.

Activity 2:

Ask students to make a survey and finish the table. After 3 minutes, invite several representatives to make a report to the whole class.

图片.png

(Justification: Two activities can help students practise the sentence patterns and foster their interest of learning English. Besides, their abilities of speaking and cooperating with others can be improved.)

Step 3 Production (5 minutes)

Ask students to have a role-play in groups of four. Ask them to play roles of international students from America, France, England, Canada ... They meet each other for the first time and want to make friends. Students

should think about what they should say and what information they expect to get from others.

When students are performing, the teacher should observe students' performance, give help and give positive evaluations.

Then volunteer groups will have the chance to perform in the front of the classroom.

(Justification: Through the practice, students can gradually become proficient in using the sentence patterns they have learned and apply them into daily life. In addition, their confidence of speaking and learning English can be cultivated.)

参考答案及解析

一、单项选择题

1.【答案】C。解析:本题考查单词的重音位置。题干:下面哪个单词的重音模式与其他单词不同?A、B、D三项的重音位置均在第二个音节上,只有C项的重音在第一个音节上。故本题选C。

2.【答案】B。解析:本题考查句子的重音。因为Julia想纠正跟她对话的那个人对她名字的误读,名字是“Julia”而不是“Julian”,所以此处应该把正确的名字“Julia”重读。故本题选B。

3.【答案】A。解析:本题考查构词法。A项“首字母缩略词”指由几个单词的首字母派生出来的新词;B项意为“混成词”;C项意为“截断词”;D项意为“新创词”。“UNESCO”是“United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization”(联合国教育、科学及文化组织)的首字母缩写。故本题选A。

4.【答案】D。解析:本题考查动词短语辨析。句意为“他看起来像一个苏格兰人,但是他的口音可能暴露了他”。give off“发出,放出(气味、热、光等)”,give out“分发,公布”,give in“屈服,让步”,giveaway“暴露,泄露”。根据句意可知本题选D。

5.【答案】C。解析:本题考查固定搭配。句意为“这本书是如此受欢迎,以至于它的销量都是以百万计的”。by the million“数以百万计的”为固定搭配。故本题选C。

6.【答案】D。解析:本题考查连词的用法。句意为“不管成功与否,我们可以肯定我们尽了最大的努力”。provided“如果……”,其后一般跟条件状语从句;if only“要是……就好了”;没有if or not这种用法;whether or not“不论,是否”。故本题选D。

7.【答案】A。解析:本题考查省略与习惯用法。句意为“——你能跟我们一起去游泳吗?——恐怕不能。”答句补充完整应为“I'm afraid l will not be able to go swimming with you”,这里省略了后半部分。在英文中回绝别人的邀请,可以用I'm afraid not。故本题选A。

8.【答案】B。解析:本题考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意为“按照惯例,调查人员在飞机失事后对残骸进行了极其仔细的搜索”。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填入非限制性定语从句的引导词,代指逗号后面的整个句子,并在从句中作主语。选项中只有as作为关系代词引导非限制性定语从句,且可以置于句首。故本题选B。

9.【答案】D。解析:本题考查社会语言学。题干:在汉语中用不同的词来指代父亲的母亲(奶奶)和母亲的母亲(外婆),但是在英语中“grandmother”一词可以用于两种情况,这表明________。在一门语言中由一个或者两个术语表征的事物,在另--H语言中可能由更多的术语来表征,也就是说,(讲)不同语言的人们对事物有不同的分类方法。故本题选D。

10.【答案】D。解析:本题考查委婉语。题干:当说话者称呼老年人为“the elderly”而不是“the old”时,使用了以下哪种称谓语?social dialect“社会方言”,taboo“禁忌语”,lingua franca“通用语”,euphemism“委婉语”。“the elderly”是“the old”的委婉说法,故本题选D。

11.【答案】A。解析:本题考查教学方法与技巧。elicitation“启发,诱导”,monitoring“监控,监测”,prompting“提示”,recasting“重组(复述)”。教师通过向学生提问来启发学生进行思考。故本题选A。

12.【答案】D。解析:本题考查语言测试。diagnostic test“诊断陛测试”主要用于了解学生在外语学习过程中的进展情况及存在的问题,从而补救教与学的不足。placement test“分级考试”是一种综合性的英文水平测试及心理测试项目,一般用于分班测试,用来对学生的学习水平进行快速评估,为学生选择一个适当的学习起点。proficiency test“水平测试”不以具体的教材为命题依据,旨在评定学生现有的英语水平是否达到能胜任某一新的学习任务或工作需要的程度。achievement test“成绩测试”旨在了解一段时期内学生对所学课程内容的掌握情况,以便对学生的学习成绩做出评定。学校英语教学中的期末测试属于成绩测试。

13.【答案】B。解析:本题考查学习风格。题干:如果小李在听一篇文章的时候试图听懂每一个单词,她表现出的是什么样的学习风格?Intolerance of Ambiguity“模糊容忍度”是指学生面对一系列不熟悉的、复杂的线索时,对模棱两可的信息进行知觉加工的方式。模糊容忍度低的学生倾向于将模糊的、不完整的、不确定的、不连贯的信息看作是潜在的心理威胁的起因。题于中的小李在听文章时,试图理解每一个单词,体现了较低的模糊容忍度。故本题选B。Field-dependence“场依存”是指学生对事物做判断时倾向于以外部参照作为信息加工的依据,容易受周围的人,特别是权威人士的影响和干扰,善于察言观色;Risk.taking“冒险”;Field-independence“场独立”是指学生对客观事物做判断时,常常利用内部的参照,不易受外来的因素影响和干扰,能够独立对事物做判断。

14.【答案】c。解析:本题考查阅读教学。A项“通过上下文猜测词义”,B项“归纳文章大意”,C项“理解文本的连贯性”,D项“寻读找出细节信息”。如果教师要求学生在阅读课上重新排列杂乱的句子,他/她的目的是培养学生理解文本的连贯性的能力。故本题选C。

15.【答案】D。解析:本题考查教学反馈。repetition“重复”,suggestion“建议”,introduction“介绍”,clarification“阐释,说明”。当教师问“你这么说想表达什么意思?”时,他/她想让学生进行解释说明。故本题选D。

16.【答案】D。解析:本题考查语用教学。题干:当教师说“当你和老人说话时,你最好用一种更礼貌的方式”,他/她正在提醒学生注意语言使用的_______。fluency“流利度”,complexity“复杂性”,accuracy“准确性”,appropriacy“得体性”。以礼貌的方式和老人说话体现了语言运用的得体性。故本题选D。

17.【答案】A。解析:本题考查课堂问题的类型。课堂问题可分为展示性问题(display questions)和参考性问题(referential questions)。展示性问题是指教师已经知道答案或者答案能在相关工具书中找到的问题,提问只是为了考查学生对语言知识的掌握情况。参考性问题是指没有预设的答案的问题,提问的目的是使学生发散思维、寻求信息。A项“‘immense’是什么词性?”属于展示性问题;B、C、D三项都是参考性问题。故本题选A。18.【答案】C。解析:本题考查课堂教学。题干:下列哪个选项是在语境中练习“How often…”?A项“用how often造句”,B项“用how often和给出的单词造句”,C项“我每周购物两次。你多久购物一次?”D项“请把这句话改成用how often提问的问句”。C项呈现了一个购物话题,是在语境中练习how often的方法。故本题选C。

19.【答案】B。解析:本题考查英语教学活动。A项“做报告、角色扮演和游戏”,B项“朗读、听写和翻译”,C项“角色扮演、解决问题和讨论”,D项“信息交流、叙述和采访”。英语教学中的控制性活动包括朗读、听写、翻译、背诵、模仿、重复、编对话、分角色阅读、复述等活动;开放性活动包括模拟真实情境进行的角色扮演、辩论、做报告、游戏、信息交流、采访、小组讨论、即兴演讲等活动。故本题选B。

20.【答案】A。解析:本题考查教学大纲。题干:是根据语言的形态和句法方面来设计的。structural syllabus“结构教学大纲”主要以语法教学为导向,以语言结构为基础,把语言看作一系列由语法规则组成的体系。situational  syllabus“情景教学大纲”是以情景为线索来选择和组织语言的,它的目的是具体区分目标语使用的不同场景。skill—based syllabus“技能型教学大纲”的“技能”是指学习者普遍具有的、不依赖特定语境的听、说、读、写四种语言能力,例如发指令的能力,略读、寻读的阅读技能,写各种报告的能力,听英文广播的能力等;技能型教学大纲的主要目的是使学习者学习特定的语言技能。content—based syllabus“内容型教学大纲”中的“内容”指的是与各个学科知识相关的内容,如技术、社会、计算机等,这种教学大纲主张把其他学科的内容引入第二语言的教学中。故本题选A。

Passage l

21.【答案】A。解析:词汇题。画线词所在句为“The answer is a resounding no,because,well,brains aremore sophisticated than that”。句中修饰“no”的词resounding本意为“响亮的,洪亮的”,这里应该是指“答案当然/肯定是no”。definite“确定的,确切的,有把握的”,repetitive“重复的”,echoing“回声现象,反照现象”,impressive“给人以深刻印象的”,故本题选A。

22.【答案】D。解析:细节题。由第二段中的“…instead ofjust crowding in,old information is sometimespushed out of the brain for new memories to form”可知,大脑不会储存满是因为大脑在形成新的记忆的时候旧的信息会被清除,因此D项符合题意。A项“大脑能够忘掉我们想记住的东西”,B项“大脑能够记住我们想记住的东西”,C项“大脑能够像图书馆一样储存无限的信息”,说法均不准确。故本题选D。

23.【答案】B。解析:细节题。根据第六段中的“This change was most prominent in regions near the frontof the brain,such as the prefrontal codex,rather than key memory structures in the middle of the brain,such as thehippocampus,which is traditionally associated with memory loss”可知,记忆变化的主要结构在前额皮质,但传统上认为与丧失记忆有关的部位是大脑中部。故本题选B。

24.【答案】C。解析:主旨题。文章开门见山,直接指出大脑就像一个永无止境的图书馆。第一段的最后一句“But is there a point where it reaches capacity?In other words,can the brain be‘full’?”以问句的形式引出全文,文章接下来论证为什么大脑的储存不会满。故本题选C。

25.【答案】B。解析:推断题。由本文最后一段可知,前人的研究都集中在我们怎样学习和记住新信息上,而当前的研究开始更多地强调我们遗忘的条件,因为人们开始认识到它的重要性。因此,在后续的研究中,人们可能讨论“与遗忘相关的条件”,故B项符合题意。

Passage 2

26.【答案】A。解析:细节题。由第一段中的“It wasn’t until the 1970s,though,that wrapped,factory—madecandy was viewed as the only acceptable thing to hand out to all the little ghosts and goblins…”和“A key reason for this Was safety…”可知,20世纪70年代糖果的主要特点是安全、有包装、工厂批量生产。故本题选A。

27.【答案】B。解析:含义题。根据第一段最后一句“A key reason for this was safety,as parents feared that real.1ife boogeymen might tamper with goodies that weren’t store-bought and sealed”可知,家长担心的是现实中的坏人会对那些不是在商店买的被密封的糖果动手脚,所以boogeymen指的是有邪恶企图的人。故本题选B。

28.【答案】C。解析:细节题。由第二段中的“Company founder Milton Hershey…affordable for average Americans”可知,Milton Hershey是批量生产牛奶巧克力棒并把它从奢侈品变为普通食品的先驱,而不是专门为富人生产牛奶巧克力棒,故A项错误。由第二段中的“…and Hershey’S Kisses made their debut in 1907”可知,Hershey’S Kisses首次出现在1907年,故B项错误。由该段中的“In 1917,Harry Burner Reese…worked atits factory”和“In the mid-1920s,he built a factory of his own…”可知,Milton Hershey曾雇用过Harry Burnett Reese,且后者后来创办了自己的工厂,故C项正确。根据第三段中的“Forrest Mars relocated to England,where he created the Mars bar in the early 1930s.In 1941,he launched M&Ms.Mars anticipated that...SO he partnered with Bruce Murrie”可知D项错误。故本题选C。

29.【答案】C。解析:细节题。由最后一段中的“The name is said to be derived from a London literary and political group…”可知,该名字来源于伦敦一个文学和政治组织,故本题选C。

30.【答案】B。解析:主旨题。本文主要讲述了万圣节糖果的起源以及各个历史时期糖果的名字和品牌。B项“万圣节糖果的起源和历史”可以较全面地概括文章主旨,故本题选B。

二、简答题

31.【参考答案】

(1)小组活动(groupwork)在英语教学中的作用:

①小组活动以学生为主体,有利于充分调动全体学生的积极性,促进学生参与课堂交流。小组活动创设了活跃、宽松的学习氛围,避免了教师单方面的语言输出,这样能够提高学生学习英语的兴趣,培养学生互相帮助、合作解决问题的能力。

②小组活动强调群体间的经验交流,互相启发。在小组活动中,学生能够在与同龄人的交流中锻炼英语综合运用能力,取长补短,使英语水平得到提高。

③小组活动为学生创设了交际环境,提供了交流平台。学生能通过小组活动进行语言操练,加深对语言形式和意义的理解,从而使“语言技能”到“运用语言进行交际”的发展成为可能。

(考生回答两点即可。)

(2)有效实施小组活动的建议:

①合理组建小组,明确职责分工。教师要从学生的实际情况出发,注意学生之间的差异性,进行合理分组。教师可以根据性别、性格特点、学习成绩、遵守纪律情况等方面的差异建立若干个学习小组,这样既可以增加学习小组的竞争性,又可以增加合作学习小组成员的多样性。在分组后,要根据每个人的实际情况,明确分工,确保每个组员都有属于自己的任务,使每个人都能有效地发挥作用。

②明确活动目的。在活动开始之前,教师要使学生明白小组活动的任务和要求,从而使学生能按照教师的布置认真完成小组任务并有实质性的收获。

③精心选择教学内容。小组合作学习中最值得讨论的内容是使人模棱两可、易产生认知冲突的内容。教师可以就此内容引导学生合作交流,达成一致意见,从而体现合作学习的价值。此外还可以运用多种策略解决一些开放性的问题,这样可以很好地激发学生的探究思维。汇聚多角度的思维,便于学生在倾听中发现别人的长处,突破自己的思维局限。

④在小组活动中合理引导、积极调控。教师必须仔细观察各个合作小组的合作情况。在小组活动中,教师要引导学生学会倾听,在听取其他小组合作成员的成果的基础上有的放矢,并在吸收小组合作成员已有成果的基础上来认识问题、分析问题。在合作学习过程中,教师要及时发现问题,并给予适当的点拨。

(考生回答三点即可。)

三、教学情境分析题

32.【参考答案】

(1)①封闭式问题只有一个正确答案,答案是限制性的,只能评估学生对特定知识的了解。

例句:

Can elephants swim?

Can tigers swim?

②开放式问题的答案不止一个,它能调动学生的思维,考查学生的理解能力和语用能力,语用信息量较大。

例句:

What animals do you like best?

Why do you like them?

(2)①封闭式问题。

优点:封闭式问题的答案是固定的,有利于考查学生对于语言知识掌握的准确性,可以帮助学生更好地掌

握和巩固目标语,有助于学生掌握正确的语言形式。

缺点:封闭式问题属于机械性操练,学生只需要回答出特定答案,没有过多的思考,不能起到发散思维的作用,不利于培养学生举一反三、实际运用语言的能力。

②开放式问题。

优点:开放式问题的答案通常不是唯一的。教师在教学中使用开放式问题,能够引导学生自己去思考答案,发散学生的思维,让学生有动脑思考的过程,培养学生真正运用语言的能力,做到启发式教学。

缺点:与封闭式问题相比,开放式问题较难,所以对于一些基础比较薄弱的学生来说完成起来会有一定的难度。如果教师应用不当的话,可能会起不到作用,打击学生的积极性,不利于教学的顺利进行。

(3)特点:

①该教师在导入环节采用了封闭式提问以及开放式提问的方式,使提问方式多元化。这两种方式适用于不同的学生,也有各自的作用,这样可以充分发挥两种提问方式的优势,削弱两种提问方式的劣势,提高了教学的有效性。

②该教师的提问方式富于变化。该教师没有让学生采用单一的回答方式,而是让学生自愿回答、齐答和指定学生回答,注重了问题的广度,这样能够集中学生的注意力,充分调动学生学习的积极性,使每个学生都有适度的参与感和紧张感,提高了教学的有效性。

四、教学设计题

33.【参考设计】

Teaching Contents:

The passage is about hobbies. It points out the benefits brought by hobbies and introduces David Smith's

hobbies and how his writing hobby brings him pleasure and success.

Teaching Objectives:

(1) Knowledge objective

Students can know the development of David's writing hobby.

(2) Ability objectives

① Students can improve their reading ability to catch the key and detailed information.

② Students can improve their speaking ability to talk about their hobbies.

(3) Emotional objective

Students can realize the importance of developing good hobbies.

Teaching Key and Difficult Points:

How to improve students' reading abilities and help them to retell the development of David's writing hobby.

Major Steps:

Step 1 Pre-reading (3 minutes)

Ask students to talk about the following questions and invite some students to share their answers.

(1) What are your hobbies? How do you develop your hobbies?

(2) Do you think hobbies are good for you? Why?

(Justification: This step can draw students' attention, and make them prepare for reading the text.)

Step 2 While-reading (10 mlnntes)

Activity 1: Fast reading

Ask students to read the passage quickly and then conclude the main idea of each paragraph.

Activity 2: Careful reading

(1) Ask students to read the passage again and answer the following questions:

① What are the advantages of hobbies to people according to the passage?

② How did David develop his writing ability during summer vacation?

③ What did David do after he went back to school?

④ What other hobby does David have?

(2) Ask students to read the passage for the third time and conclude the development of David's writing hobby.

图片.png

(Justification: Different ways of exploiting the text can help students not merely to cope with the text in class but to develop students' fast reading and careful reading abilities.)

Step 3 Post-readlng (7 minntes)

(1) Ask students to try to retell the passage according to the table above and choose two students to show in class.

(2) Ask students to work in pairs to talk about the development of their hobbies, and then let three pairs to show in class.

For example:

S1: What is your hobby?

S2: My hobby is ...

S1: When do you like ...?

S2: ... What is your hobby?

S1: ...

(Justification: Through the practice, students' speaking ability to talk about their hobbies can be trained, and the

atmosphere in class can be activated.)

微信扫码下面二维码进入教师资格微信学习群。

233网校教师资格证微信学习群

考试题库>>教师资格证考试题库试题免费刷

考资料>>教师资格证各科思维导图下载

零基础如何备考?233网校零基础取证班购课即送教材,5大基础班级教学,给您备考指路,免费试听>>

ʦʸ֤ѧϰ

登录

新用户注册领取课程礼包

立即注册
扫一扫,立即下载
意见反馈 返回顶部