Passage One
Drunken driving，sometimes called America’s social ly accepted form of murder，has become a national epidemic．Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers，adding up an incredible 350，000 0ver the past decade．
A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0．1 0 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers，glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours．Heavy drinking used to be an ac-ceptable part of the American alcohol image and judges were lenient in most coups，but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well—publicized tragedies，especially involving young children，that public opinion is no longer so tolerant．
Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to2 1，reversing a trend in the l 960s to reduce it t0 1 8．After New Jersey lowered it to 1 8．the number of people killed by 1 8-to-20-year-old drivers more than doubled，so the state recently upped it back to 2 1．
Reformers，however，fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop‘‘responsible attitudes”about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink．
Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and in many areas already．to a marked decline in fatalities．Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks．
As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state．sonle Americans ale even beginning to speak well of the 13 years’national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919，which President Hoover called the“noble experiment”．They forget that legal prohibition didn’t stop drinkin9．but encouraged political cor-ruption and organized crime．As with the booming drug trade generally，there is no easy solution．
21．Which of the following sentences best concludes the main idea of this passage?
A．Drunken driving has caused numerous fatalities in the United States．
B．It’s recommendable to prohibit alcohol drinking around the United States．
C．The American society is trying hard to prevent drunken drivin9．
D．Drunken driving has become a national epidemic in the United State．
22．Which of the following four drivers can be defined as an illegal driver?
A．A sixteen．year-old boy who drank a glass of wine three hours ago．
B．An old lady who took four shots Of whisky in yesterday’s party．
C．A policeman who likes alcohol very much．
D．A pregnant woman who drank a beer an hour ago．
23．In reformers’opinion，__________is the most effective way to stop youngsters from drinking alcohol．
A．raising the legal drinking age from l8 t0 21
B．forcing teenagers to obey disciplines
C．developing young people’s sense of responsibil ity
D．pressing teenagers to take soft drinks
24．The rule that only people above 2 1 years of age can drink__________．
A．is a new law promoted by the twenty states
B．had been once adopted before the l 960s
C．has been enfi)rced since the prohibition of alcohol
D．will be carried out all over the country
25．What is the author’s attitude toward all the laws against drunken driving?
A．Optimistic．
B．Pessimistic．
C．Indifferent．
D．Ironic．
请阅读Passage Two,完成第26—30小题。
Passage Two
It is generally agreed that the first true cities appeared about 5，000 years ago in the food-produ-cing communities of the Middle East．The cities of Sumeria，Egypt and the Indus Valley possessed anumber of characteristics that distinguished them as truly urban．The cities were very much large and more densely populated than any previous settlement，and their function was clearly differentiated from that of the surrounding villages．In the cities the old patterns of kinship relations were replaced by a complex hierarchy of social classes based on the specialization of labor．Moreover，the need tokeep records led to the development of writing and arithmetic，and the increased sophistication of ur-ban society gave a new impetus to artistic expression of evei'y kind．
When the basis of city life was established in Europe，the urban tradition was drawn from the ancient cities of the Middle East，via the civilization of Greece and Rome．We can trace three main phases in the growth of the West European city．The first of these is the medieval phase，which ex-tends from the beginning of the11 th century A．D．to about 1，500 to the beginning of the l9th cen-tury．The third is the modern phase extending from the early l9th century to the present day．
Every medieval city began as a small settlement，which grew up round a geographical or cultural focal point．This would be a permanent structure such as a stronghold，a cathedral or a large church．
In districts where travel and trade were well established，it might be a market，a river crossing，or a place where two or more trade routes met，in studies of urban geography the oldest part of town is re-ferred to as the nuclear settlement．There are many small town in Europe where it is still possible totrace the outline of the original nuclear semement．It is,of course，mllch more difficult to do as in the case of a large modem city which has grown to many times its original size.
26．The ancient cities were characterized by all the following except__________.
A．1arger populations
B．different roles
C．different social classes
D．different locations
27．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．West European cities established their own urban traditions．
B．West European cities grew directly out of those in the Middle East．
C．Cities appeared earlier in the Middle East cities went through the same phases.
D．West European and Middle East cities went through the same phases.
28．Which of the foilowing could be regarded as a geographical focal point?
A．A local restaurant
B．A town hall
C．A local theatre
D．An open manet
29．Itis easier to locateits originalnu clear settlement of a small town__________.
A．because it began as a small seltlement
B．because it is less developed
C．because of its small size
D．because of its location
30．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?
A．The Origin and Development of Cities
B．The Differences between a Modern City and an Ancient City
C．The Functions of a City
D．The Characteristics of an Ancient City
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