副作用是否为不良反应的同义词?
一种药物常有多种作用,在正常剂量情况下出现与用药目的无关的反应称为副作用(side effect)。
一般说来,副作用比较轻微,多为可逆性机能变化,停药后通常很快消退。
副作用随用药目的不同而改变,如阿托品作为麻醉前给药抑制考试,大收集整理腺体分泌,则术后肠胀气,尿潴留为副作用,而当阿托品用于解除胆道痉挛时,心悸、口干成为副作用。
有些人将副作用作为不良反应的同义词,其实该两词的含义不尽相同,为了避免混淆,WHO国际药物监测合作中心规定了副作用的定义,并作了说明如下:
Side Effect: Any unintended effect of a pharmaceutical product occuring at doses normally in man which is related to pharmacological properties of the drug.This is an old term and is broad enough to include both positive and negative effects of a drug apart from its main properties or indication. Some use the term as synonymos with adverse reactions, but the proposed definition will improve clarity of use of this term .