星火:2008年12月英语四级听力理解预测试卷
Passage Three
The computer virus is an outcome of the computer overgrowth in the 1980s. (32)The cause of the term "computer virus" is the likeness between the biological virus and the evil program infected with computers. The origin of this term came from an American science fiction "The Adolescence of P-1" written by Thomas J. Ryan, published in 1977. Human viruses invade a living cell and turn it into a factory for manufacturing viruses. However, (33)computer viruses are small programs. They expand by attaching a copy of themselves to another program. Once attached to the host program, the viruses then look for other programs to "infect". In this way, the virus can spread quickly throughout a hard disk or an entire organization when it infects a LAN or a multiuser system. The timing of the attack can be linked to a number of situations, including a certain time or date, the presence of a particular file, the security level of the user, and the number of times a file is used. Likewise, the mode of attack varies. (34)So called "benign" or the harmless viruses might simply display a message, like the one that infected IBM's main computer system last Christmas with a season's greeting. (35)Malignant or the harmful viruses are designed to damage the system. The attack is to wipe out data, to delete files, or to format the hard disk.
32. How did the name of "computer virus" come into being?
A)。通过预读选项可知，本题与电脑病毒有关。应遵循短文听力听首尾的原则，文章一开始就明确了说明对象是computer virus。本题考查该名称的由来，但文中是以原因的形式出现的：The cause of the term "computer virus" is the likeness between the biological virus and the evil program infected with computers，A)的说法正是该定义的简短描述。其中，resemble是"...与...相似的"意思，而文中的说法是the likeness between...and...，二者是一致的。
33. What is the way that the computer viruses infect the computer systems?
B)。分析选项可知，本题考查电脑病毒的工作方式。由于其特殊性，可遵循"听到即是解"的原则解题。文章先介绍了人类病毒的工作方式，然后用一个however引出了本题的答案：computer viruses are small programs. They expand by attaching a copy of themselves to another program。
34. What is a "benign" virus?
D)。预读选项可知，本题与一种电脑病毒有关。题目中的benign是关键词，由此可以很容易定位到：So called "benign" or the harmless viruses might simply display a message...，可见本题的答考试&大案是以同位语的形式出现的，所谓"良性"病毒就是D)所说的不会造成危害的病毒。
35. What can a "malignant" virus do to your computer?
B)。预读选项可知，本题仍然与一种电脑病毒有关。由于上一道题目考查了"良性"病毒，根据常识可以推断本题定然会考查与之相对应的"恶性"病毒的危害。听录音时的关键词是malignant，由此可以很容易定位到：Malignant or the harmful viruses are designed to damage the system，这正是B)的同义表达。
Section C
36. outline
[点拨]空格前是and，and前后成分相同，所以空格处为动词原形。根据句意推测：宇宙未来可以预测，但这并不意味着单单坐着就肯定能够概括宇宙未来的发展过程。
37. certainty
[点拨]空格前是anything like，后面应该为名词。由36题的分析，可以推出这里表示"一定，肯定"的意思。
38. exactly
[点拨]空格前是动词know，后面是宾语，可见中间缺一副词来修饰know。根据前后文可以推测：我们不清楚宇宙的构成，但却十分清楚我们的知识领域缺乏什么信息。
39. idea
[点拨]空格前是a good，可见空格处为名词。根据38题分析，接下来的句意应该是：我们也清楚地知道如何得到这些信息。
40. imagine
[点拨]空格前是不定式to，可见空格处为动词原形。根据句意推测：我们考虑目前形势的方式就是假想一辆进站的火车。
41. determined
[点拨]空格前是is completely，可知空格处为动词的过去分词。根据句意，火车进站前所有的开关都设定好了，我们可以推测：它前进的路就完全确定了。
42. possible
[点拨]空格前是some，后为futures，可以确定空格处是一形容词。前后句连起来的意思为：如果能看清开关的设置，就可以肯定有些未来是不能实现的，而其余的能够实现。
43. switches
[点拨]空格前是the unseen，可见空格为名词。前面的句子交代了有些开关是可见的，有些是不可见的，所以这里应该是不可见的开关switches。
44. We know the train will take one of the tracks leading out, but we have no idea which one
[听音关键词]know，train，take tracks，no idea，which one
45. When we think about the future of the universe, we can see our "track" many billions of years into the future
[听音关键词]think about，future of universe，see track，billions
46. The goal of science is to reduce the vagueness at the decision points and find the true road that will be followed
[听音关键词]goal of science，reduce vagueness，find true road
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The computer virus is an outcome of the computer overgrowth in the 1980s. (32)The cause of the term "computer virus" is the likeness between the biological virus and the evil program infected with computers. The origin of this term came from an American science fiction "The Adolescence of P-1" written by Thomas J. Ryan, published in 1977. Human viruses invade a living cell and turn it into a factory for manufacturing viruses. However, (33)computer viruses are small programs. They expand by attaching a copy of themselves to another program. Once attached to the host program, the viruses then look for other programs to "infect". In this way, the virus can spread quickly throughout a hard disk or an entire organization when it infects a LAN or a multiuser system. The timing of the attack can be linked to a number of situations, including a certain time or date, the presence of a particular file, the security level of the user, and the number of times a file is used. Likewise, the mode of attack varies. (34)So called "benign" or the harmless viruses might simply display a message, like the one that infected IBM's main computer system last Christmas with a season's greeting. (35)Malignant or the harmful viruses are designed to damage the system. The attack is to wipe out data, to delete files, or to format the hard disk.
32. How did the name of "computer virus" come into being?
A)。通过预读选项可知，本题与电脑病毒有关。应遵循短文听力听首尾的原则，文章一开始就明确了说明对象是computer virus。本题考查该名称的由来，但文中是以原因的形式出现的：The cause of the term "computer virus" is the likeness between the biological virus and the evil program infected with computers，A)的说法正是该定义的简短描述。其中，resemble是"...与...相似的"意思，而文中的说法是the likeness between...and...，二者是一致的。
33. What is the way that the computer viruses infect the computer systems?
B)。分析选项可知，本题考查电脑病毒的工作方式。由于其特殊性，可遵循"听到即是解"的原则解题。文章先介绍了人类病毒的工作方式，然后用一个however引出了本题的答案：computer viruses are small programs. They expand by attaching a copy of themselves to another program。
34. What is a "benign" virus?
D)。预读选项可知，本题与一种电脑病毒有关。题目中的benign是关键词，由此可以很容易定位到：So called "benign" or the harmless viruses might simply display a message...，可见本题的答考试&大案是以同位语的形式出现的，所谓"良性"病毒就是D)所说的不会造成危害的病毒。
35. What can a "malignant" virus do to your computer?
B)。预读选项可知，本题仍然与一种电脑病毒有关。由于上一道题目考查了"良性"病毒，根据常识可以推断本题定然会考查与之相对应的"恶性"病毒的危害。听录音时的关键词是malignant，由此可以很容易定位到：Malignant or the harmful viruses are designed to damage the system，这正是B)的同义表达。
Section C
36. outline
[点拨]空格前是and，and前后成分相同，所以空格处为动词原形。根据句意推测：宇宙未来可以预测，但这并不意味着单单坐着就肯定能够概括宇宙未来的发展过程。
37. certainty
[点拨]空格前是anything like，后面应该为名词。由36题的分析，可以推出这里表示"一定，肯定"的意思。
38. exactly
[点拨]空格前是动词know，后面是宾语，可见中间缺一副词来修饰know。根据前后文可以推测：我们不清楚宇宙的构成，但却十分清楚我们的知识领域缺乏什么信息。
39. idea
[点拨]空格前是a good，可见空格处为名词。根据38题分析，接下来的句意应该是：我们也清楚地知道如何得到这些信息。
40. imagine
[点拨]空格前是不定式to，可见空格处为动词原形。根据句意推测：我们考虑目前形势的方式就是假想一辆进站的火车。
41. determined
[点拨]空格前是is completely，可知空格处为动词的过去分词。根据句意，火车进站前所有的开关都设定好了，我们可以推测：它前进的路就完全确定了。
42. possible
[点拨]空格前是some，后为futures，可以确定空格处是一形容词。前后句连起来的意思为：如果能看清开关的设置，就可以肯定有些未来是不能实现的，而其余的能够实现。
43. switches
[点拨]空格前是the unseen，可见空格为名词。前面的句子交代了有些开关是可见的，有些是不可见的，所以这里应该是不可见的开关switches。
44. We know the train will take one of the tracks leading out, but we have no idea which one
[听音关键词]know，train，take tracks，no idea，which one
45. When we think about the future of the universe, we can see our "track" many billions of years into the future
[听音关键词]think about，future of universe，see track，billions
46. The goal of science is to reduce the vagueness at the decision points and find the true road that will be followed
[听音关键词]goal of science，reduce vagueness，find true road
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