2016年英语四级考试每日一练(1月8日)
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在线测试本批《每日一练》试题，可查看答案及解析，并保留做题记录 >> 在线做题
单项选择题
1、
A．Carry ropes across rivers.
B．Measure the speed of wind.
C．Pass on secret messages.
D．Give warnings of danger.
2、
Exercise to Protect Aging Bodies -- and Brains
A．We all know that exercise is good for you. Staying physically active helps keep your hearthealthy and your muscles strong, and in cancer patients it has even been shown to ward offrelapse (复发). Now a series of independently conducted studies on the effects of exerciseon healthy older adults, published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, confirms that log-ging time at the gym not only helps maintain good health but may even prevent the attackof chronic diseases, such as heart disease, osteoarthritis and dementia.
B．In one surprising trial, researchers led by Dr Teresa Liu-Ambrose at the University ofBritish Columbia randomly assigned 155 aging women to three separate groups and di-rectly compared the cognitive effects of two types of exercise: resistance training, doneonce or twice weekly, in which participants worked out with free weights and weightmachines and did squats and lunges, versus toning and balance exercises, which partici-pants did twice a week.
C．By the end of the yearlong study, the women who weight-trained saw an improvementin their performance on cognitive tests of memory and learning as well as in executivefunctions such as decision-making and conflict resolution -- women who trained once aweek improved their scores in executive functioning by 12.6% -- while those who didbalance and toning exercises showed no such improvement. The muscle-strengtheningexercise also helped the volunteers, ages 65 to 75, boost their walking speed, a common-ly used indicator of overall health status in the elderly, as faster pace has been linkedwith lower mortality.
D．The Canadian researchers' findings were somewhat unexpected, given that previous stud-ies on the issue have typically focused on aerobic exercise, which experts believe enhancescognitive function by promoting blood flow to the brain. Liu-Ambrose says her team spec-ulated that anaerobic weight training would have a similar effect for other reasons. First,a resistance-training regimen requires a considerable amount of learning, especially forelderly people who may not be accustomed to the equipment. To learn how to use dumb-bells, a leg press or a latissimus pull-down machine correctly, for example, the volunteerswere required to focus on the task at hand, master new techniques and retain new informa-tion about proper and safe use of equipment. Previous studies have shown that such learn-ing can help older adults maintain mental acuity.
E. The women also had to remember their weight settings and adjustments to the seats andkeep track of the number of repetitions they completed, says Liu-Ambrose. "There is alot more learning involved that may not occur if you take up a walking program," shesays, noting that it took the volunteers a good two months to get comfortable with theequipment and the training regimen. In addition, Liu-Ambrose says, other studies havefound that people who weight-train show an increase in blood levels of a growth factorthat is important for maintaining skeletal mass. This factor, it tums out, also promotesnerve growth, which could be another way that resistance training boosts mental func-tion.
F. In a second brain-function study, published in the same journal, scientists in Germanyfound that increased physical activity was associated with a lower incidence of demen-tia. In this study, researchers recruited 3,485 elderly residents in Bavaria and asked themabout their physical activity. None of the participants had dementia at the start of theanalysis, but after two years of follow-up, researchers found that those ,who exercised atleast three times a week were half as likely to have developed dementia, compared withthe people who reported no physical activity. Based on his results, says lead author DrThorleif Etgen, a professor of psychiatry and psychotherapy at Munchen University, "itdoesn't make a big difference if you have moderate or high physical activity. The im-portant message is that you do any activity. And even if you start late in life, at 60 or 70,there is a benefit, for it's never too late to start exercising."
G.The key words are "moderate or high", according to another study that was published inthe Archives of Internal Medicine. Dr Qi Sun, a researcher at Harvard School of PublicHealth, analyzed 13,000 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study and found thatwhen it came to exercise, more was better. Compared with women who jogged for 20minutes a week, those who jogged three hours a week or walked briskly for five hours aweek were 76% more likely to age successfully, free of chronic illnesses such as cancerand heart disease, as well as mental and physical impairment. Sun's group found thatthis benefit occurred across all weight divisions, meaning that even among those whowere overweight or obese, women who exercised improved their odds of aging withoutchronic disease. The effects may apply across different age groups as well; the womenwere at least 60 years old by the time they enrolled in the study, and while Sun was notable to determine how long they had been exercising prior to that, the results suggestthat the health benefits are not limited to the young.
H. That was the same message of the final exercise paper in the joumal, by researchers atUniversity of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany. In this trial, a group of 246 elderly womenwere randomly assigned to an 18-month exercise regimen or wellness program. The womenparticipating in the four-times-weeNy exercise sessions, which involved aerobics and bal-ance and muscle training, improved their bone mineral density by nearly 2%. The women inthe wellness group, which focused on walking, muscle relaxation and breathing skills, had a0.33% increase in bone mineral density over the same time period.
I. Despite the positive evidence, however, not all researchers are ready to suggest thatexercise is a sure-fire prescription against mental decline or chronic disease in healthypeople. To make that claim, a large, longer-term, controlled trial would be needed, inwhich participants are randomly assigned to exercise or not, and are then followed forthe development of chronic conditions such as cancer, heart disease or dementia. Still,says Dr Marco Pahor, director of the Institute on Aging at the University of Florida andauthor of a commentary on the studies appearing in the journal, "if you pool all the evi-dence together, the benefits of exercise seem promising."
Experts believe that the aerobic exercises raise people's cognitive function by stimulat-ing blood blow to brain.
3、
Questions are based on the conversation you have just heard.
A．She owns a car.
B．She drives well.
C．She loves driving.
D．She wants to dress neatly.
4、
Questions are based on the conversation you have just heard．
根据录音，选择合适的答案（ ）。
A．She learned playing the violin from a famous French musician．
B．She dreamed of working and living in a European country．
C．She read a lot about European musicians and their music．
D．She listened to recordings of many European orchestras．
5、阅读下文，回答题
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，the film has never been，in the full sense of the word，silent. From the very beginning，music was regarded as an（36）accompaniment；when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896，they were （37） by piano improvisations（即兴创作）on popular tunes. At first，the music played （38） no special relationship to the films；an accompaniment of any kind was （39） . Within a very short time，however，the incongruity（不协调）of playing lively music to a（40） film became apparent，and film pianists began to take some care in（41）their pieces to the mood of the film.
As movie theaters grew in number and importance，a violinist，and perhaps a cellist，would be added to the pianist in certain（42） , and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program（43） entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal（44）for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown, the musical arrangement was （45）improvised in the greatest hurry.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A. sufficient
B. incredible
C. accompanied
D. comparatively
E. matching
F. rested
G. normally
H. occasions
I. bore.
J. qualification
K. solemn
L. indispensable
M. severe
N. according
O. cases
第(36)题应填__________
6、Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A．Characteristics of sand.
B．How animals live in the desert.
C．A snake's special way of moving:
D．Techniques of skiing.
填空题
7、听音频，回答题
The UK has a well-respected higher education system and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world. But to those who are new to it all,it can be 26 and sometimes confusing. October is usually the busiest month in the academic 27. It's a great opportunity to make new friends, join lots of clubs and 28 university life. However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends, the 29 of meeting lots of strangers in big halls can be stressful. Where do you start? Who should you make friends with? Which clubs should you join?
Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat. So just take it all in slowly.
Don't 30anything that you'll regret for the next three years.
Here are some top tips for students to31 Freshers' Week. First, try to blend in. Make sure you are aware of British social etiquette. Have a few wine glasses and snacks handy for your housemates and friends. Also, be 32 and sociable.
Sometimes cups of tea or even slices of toast can give you a head start in making friends.
The more active you are, the more likely you'll meet new people. Finally, bring a doorstop. Keep your door open when you're in and that sends 33 messages to your neighbors that you're friendly.
So with a bit of clever planning and 34, Freshers' Week can give you a great start to your university life and soon you'll be 35your wisdom to next year's new recruits.
第(26)题__________
简答题
8、
秦始皇是中国历史上一位很有作为的皇帝。他生前还动用了大量人力、物力为自己修造陵墓。秦陵兵马俑(Terracotta Warriors and Horses)就是为陪葬这位皇帝而制作的陶兵和陶马。秦始皇陵兵马俑被发现于l974年。三个兵马俑坑(terracotta figurines pits)占地约20，000多平方米，8，000多个与真人真马一般大小的陶俑陶马，排列成整齐的方阵，再现了秦始皇统一中国时兵强马壮的雄伟军阵。秦始皇陵兵马俑被称作世界第八大奇迹。
9、
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. Youshould start your essay with a brief description of the picture andthen express your views on the importance of updating our skills.
You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
10、中国高速皇塞篮（high-speed raft）网由中国铁路公司运营。该铁路网包括所有商业高速列车运行服务，邀些列车的时速平均达200公里或更高。目前中国拥有全球长的高铁线网。运营中的线路约9300公里。2012年12月25日，中国启动世界上长的线路，该线路从北京至广州，共2298公里。高铁服务于2007年引进中国。在政府的大力资助下。高铁线网正在迅速扩展。
1、
A．Carry ropes across rivers.
B．Measure the speed of wind.
C．Pass on secret messages.
D．Give warnings of danger.
2、
Exercise to Protect Aging Bodies -- and Brains
A．We all know that exercise is good for you. Staying physically active helps keep your hearthealthy and your muscles strong, and in cancer patients it has even been shown to ward offrelapse (复发). Now a series of independently conducted studies on the effects of exerciseon healthy older adults, published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, confirms that log-ging time at the gym not only helps maintain good health but may even prevent the attackof chronic diseases, such as heart disease, osteoarthritis and dementia.
B．In one surprising trial, researchers led by Dr Teresa Liu-Ambrose at the University ofBritish Columbia randomly assigned 155 aging women to three separate groups and di-rectly compared the cognitive effects of two types of exercise: resistance training, doneonce or twice weekly, in which participants worked out with free weights and weightmachines and did squats and lunges, versus toning and balance exercises, which partici-pants did twice a week.
C．By the end of the yearlong study, the women who weight-trained saw an improvementin their performance on cognitive tests of memory and learning as well as in executivefunctions such as decision-making and conflict resolution -- women who trained once aweek improved their scores in executive functioning by 12.6% -- while those who didbalance and toning exercises showed no such improvement. The muscle-strengtheningexercise also helped the volunteers, ages 65 to 75, boost their walking speed, a common-ly used indicator of overall health status in the elderly, as faster pace has been linkedwith lower mortality.
D．The Canadian researchers' findings were somewhat unexpected, given that previous stud-ies on the issue have typically focused on aerobic exercise, which experts believe enhancescognitive function by promoting blood flow to the brain. Liu-Ambrose says her team spec-ulated that anaerobic weight training would have a similar effect for other reasons. First,a resistance-training regimen requires a considerable amount of learning, especially forelderly people who may not be accustomed to the equipment. To learn how to use dumb-bells, a leg press or a latissimus pull-down machine correctly, for example, the volunteerswere required to focus on the task at hand, master new techniques and retain new informa-tion about proper and safe use of equipment. Previous studies have shown that such learn-ing can help older adults maintain mental acuity.
E. The women also had to remember their weight settings and adjustments to the seats andkeep track of the number of repetitions they completed, says Liu-Ambrose. "There is alot more learning involved that may not occur if you take up a walking program," shesays, noting that it took the volunteers a good two months to get comfortable with theequipment and the training regimen. In addition, Liu-Ambrose says, other studies havefound that people who weight-train show an increase in blood levels of a growth factorthat is important for maintaining skeletal mass. This factor, it tums out, also promotesnerve growth, which could be another way that resistance training boosts mental func-tion.
F. In a second brain-function study, published in the same journal, scientists in Germanyfound that increased physical activity was associated with a lower incidence of demen-tia. In this study, researchers recruited 3,485 elderly residents in Bavaria and asked themabout their physical activity. None of the participants had dementia at the start of theanalysis, but after two years of follow-up, researchers found that those ,who exercised atleast three times a week were half as likely to have developed dementia, compared withthe people who reported no physical activity. Based on his results, says lead author DrThorleif Etgen, a professor of psychiatry and psychotherapy at Munchen University, "itdoesn't make a big difference if you have moderate or high physical activity. The im-portant message is that you do any activity. And even if you start late in life, at 60 or 70,there is a benefit, for it's never too late to start exercising."
G.The key words are "moderate or high", according to another study that was published inthe Archives of Internal Medicine. Dr Qi Sun, a researcher at Harvard School of PublicHealth, analyzed 13,000 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study and found thatwhen it came to exercise, more was better. Compared with women who jogged for 20minutes a week, those who jogged three hours a week or walked briskly for five hours aweek were 76% more likely to age successfully, free of chronic illnesses such as cancerand heart disease, as well as mental and physical impairment. Sun's group found thatthis benefit occurred across all weight divisions, meaning that even among those whowere overweight or obese, women who exercised improved their odds of aging withoutchronic disease. The effects may apply across different age groups as well; the womenwere at least 60 years old by the time they enrolled in the study, and while Sun was notable to determine how long they had been exercising prior to that, the results suggestthat the health benefits are not limited to the young.
H. That was the same message of the final exercise paper in the joumal, by researchers atUniversity of Erlangen-Nuremberg in Germany. In this trial, a group of 246 elderly womenwere randomly assigned to an 18-month exercise regimen or wellness program. The womenparticipating in the four-times-weeNy exercise sessions, which involved aerobics and bal-ance and muscle training, improved their bone mineral density by nearly 2%. The women inthe wellness group, which focused on walking, muscle relaxation and breathing skills, had a0.33% increase in bone mineral density over the same time period.
I. Despite the positive evidence, however, not all researchers are ready to suggest thatexercise is a sure-fire prescription against mental decline or chronic disease in healthypeople. To make that claim, a large, longer-term, controlled trial would be needed, inwhich participants are randomly assigned to exercise or not, and are then followed forthe development of chronic conditions such as cancer, heart disease or dementia. Still,says Dr Marco Pahor, director of the Institute on Aging at the University of Florida andauthor of a commentary on the studies appearing in the journal, "if you pool all the evi-dence together, the benefits of exercise seem promising."
Experts believe that the aerobic exercises raise people's cognitive function by stimulat-ing blood blow to brain.
3、
Questions are based on the conversation you have just heard.
A．She owns a car.
B．She drives well.
C．She loves driving.
D．She wants to dress neatly.
4、
Questions are based on the conversation you have just heard．
根据录音，选择合适的答案（ ）。
A．She learned playing the violin from a famous French musician．
B．She dreamed of working and living in a European country．
C．She read a lot about European musicians and their music．
D．She listened to recordings of many European orchestras．
5、阅读下文，回答题
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，the film has never been，in the full sense of the word，silent. From the very beginning，music was regarded as an（36）accompaniment；when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896，they were （37） by piano improvisations（即兴创作）on popular tunes. At first，the music played （38） no special relationship to the films；an accompaniment of any kind was （39） . Within a very short time，however，the incongruity（不协调）of playing lively music to a（40） film became apparent，and film pianists began to take some care in（41）their pieces to the mood of the film.
As movie theaters grew in number and importance，a violinist，and perhaps a cellist，would be added to the pianist in certain（42） , and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program（43） entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal（44）for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown, the musical arrangement was （45）improvised in the greatest hurry.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A. sufficient
B. incredible
C. accompanied
D. comparatively
E. matching
F. rested
G. normally
H. occasions
I. bore.
J. qualification
K. solemn
L. indispensable
M. severe
N. according
O. cases
第(36)题应填__________
6、Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.
A．Characteristics of sand.
B．How animals live in the desert.
C．A snake's special way of moving:
D．Techniques of skiing.
填空题
7、听音频，回答题
The UK has a well-respected higher education system and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world. But to those who are new to it all,it can be 26 and sometimes confusing. October is usually the busiest month in the academic 27. It's a great opportunity to make new friends, join lots of clubs and 28 university life. However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends, the 29 of meeting lots of strangers in big halls can be stressful. Where do you start? Who should you make friends with? Which clubs should you join?
Luckily, there will be thousands of others in the same boat. So just take it all in slowly.
Don't 30anything that you'll regret for the next three years.
Here are some top tips for students to31 Freshers' Week. First, try to blend in. Make sure you are aware of British social etiquette. Have a few wine glasses and snacks handy for your housemates and friends. Also, be 32 and sociable.
Sometimes cups of tea or even slices of toast can give you a head start in making friends.
The more active you are, the more likely you'll meet new people. Finally, bring a doorstop. Keep your door open when you're in and that sends 33 messages to your neighbors that you're friendly.
So with a bit of clever planning and 34, Freshers' Week can give you a great start to your university life and soon you'll be 35your wisdom to next year's new recruits.
第(26)题__________
简答题
8、
秦始皇是中国历史上一位很有作为的皇帝。他生前还动用了大量人力、物力为自己修造陵墓。秦陵兵马俑(Terracotta Warriors and Horses)就是为陪葬这位皇帝而制作的陶兵和陶马。秦始皇陵兵马俑被发现于l974年。三个兵马俑坑(terracotta figurines pits)占地约20，000多平方米，8，000多个与真人真马一般大小的陶俑陶马，排列成整齐的方阵，再现了秦始皇统一中国时兵强马壮的雄伟军阵。秦始皇陵兵马俑被称作世界第八大奇迹。
9、
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. Youshould start your essay with a brief description of the picture andthen express your views on the importance of updating our skills.
You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
10、中国高速皇塞篮（high-speed raft）网由中国铁路公司运营。该铁路网包括所有商业高速列车运行服务，邀些列车的时速平均达200公里或更高。目前中国拥有全球长的高铁线网。运营中的线路约9300公里。2012年12月25日，中国启动世界上长的线路，该线路从北京至广州，共2298公里。高铁服务于2007年引进中国。在政府的大力资助下。高铁线网正在迅速扩展。
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