Passage One
　　Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

　　Because of satellite links which now enable broadcast news organizations to originate live programming from any part of the globe, the entire world is becoming one giant sound stage for television news. As a result, Shakespeare's famous line, "all the worh is a stage," has taken on an interesting new twist in meaning.

　　Even before today's worldwide satellite links were possible, the growing effect of broadcast news technology on national and international politics was becoming increasingly evident.
Because television is a close-up medium and a medium that seems to most readily involve emotions, it is most effective when it is revealing the plights of people; During the Vietnam War, reading about war was one thing, but war took on a deeper and more unsavory' ( 令人讨厌的) dimension when it was exported directly into U. S. living rooms night after night by television. Public opinion eventually turned against the war and to some measure against President Johnson who was associated with it. As a result of the public opinion backlash (消极反应) during these tines, the Pentagon was there after much more careful to control what foreign correspondents and TV crews would be allowed to see and report.

　　It was during this time that President Carter brought the issue of human rights to the centre of his foreign policy, and, to some degree, to the centre of international politics. "Human rights is the soul of our foreign policy," Carter said. "Of all human rights the most basic s to be free of arbitrary violence, whether that violence comes from government, from terrorists, from criminals, or from self-appointed messiahs (救世主) operating under the cover of politics or religion. "

　　Although political viewpoints have changed since then, because of the emotional nature of human rights, this has emerged as the "soul" of television news. The transgression (侵犯) of human rights has been the focus of many, if not most, major international television news stories. The reporting of these stories has created outrage in the world, prompted attempts at censorship by dictators, and in many cases resulted in the elimination of human rights abuses.

56. The passage mainly discusses____________.
A) the evolution of international politics in the United States
B) the broadcast media gives its primary concern on human rights
C) the global television communication has a huge impact on pet,pie's emotions D) the broadcast media plays a growing role in international poli ics

57. According to the passage, people were against the Vietnam War may be as a result of____________.
A) the influence of news broadcast on people's emotions
B) the anger from the audiences of all nations 
C) the extensive coverage of the War
D) the viewing of American army's cruel behaviors on TV

58. What did the Pentagon do when faced with the public opinion backlash on the Vietnam War?
A) They thereafter tried to control the news coverage.
B) They punished the correspondents and TV crews.
C) They put a ban on the discussion of the War.
D) They did nothing about it.

59. What was a possible result when President Carter brought the issue of human rights to the centre of his foreign policy?
A) The Pentagon failed to control the report of the media.
B) People turned their attention to the transgression of human rights.
C) All censorship of broadcast news was eliminated.
D) The Vietnam War was ended.

60. Which of the following has NOT been mentioned as a result of the television focus on the issue of human rights?
A) Anger aroused on the transgression of human rights.
B) Better understanding and appreciation of different cultures.
C) Prompted attempts at censorship by dictators.
D) The elimination of human rights abuses.

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