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　　英语四级仔细阅读一

　　Happiness can be described as a positive mood and a pleasant state of mind. According to recent polls (民意测验) sixty to seventy percent of Americans consider themselves to be moderately happy and one in twenty persons feels very unhappy. Psychologists have been studying the factors that contribute to happiness. It is not predictable nor is a person in an apparently ideal situation necessarily happy. The ideal situation may have little to do with his actual feelings.

　　A good education and income are usually considered necessary for happiness. Though both may contribute, they are only chief factors if the person is seriously undereducated or actually suffering from lack of physical needs.

　　The rich are not likely to be happier than the middle-income group or even those with very low incomes. People with college educations are somewhat happier than those who did not graduate from high school, and it is believed that this is mainly because they have more opportunity to control their lives. Yet people with a high income and a college education may be less happy than those with the same income and no college education.

　　Poor health does not rule out happiness except for the severely disabled or those in pain. Learning to cope with a health problem can contribute to happiness. Those with a good sex life are happier in general, but those who have a loving, affectionate relationship are happier than those who rely on sex alone. Love has a higher correlation with happiness than any other factor.

　　It should be noted that people quickly get used to what they have, and they are happiest when they feel they are increasing their level no matter where it stands at a given time.

　　Children whose parents were happily married have happier childhoods are not necessarily happier adults.

　　The best formula for happiness is to be able to develop the ability to tolerate frustration, to have a personal involvement and commitment, and to develop self-confidence and self-esteem.

　　21. It can be inferred from the passage that______.

　　A. happiness is predictable

　　B. a person in an apparently ideal situation must be happy

　　C. the rich are likely to be happier than the middle-income group

　　D. happiness is not necessarily connected to one's situation in society

　　22. People with college education______.

　　A. are not happier than those who have only an education at high school

　　B. are much happier than those who did not graduate from high school

　　C. have less opportunity to control their lives

　　D. have more opportunity to control their lives

　　23. According to the article, happiness is greatly dependent upon______.

　　A. a happy childhood

　　B. great wealth

　　C. a feeling that conditions are becoming for the better

　　D. a college degree

　　24. Which of the following is most likely to contribute to happiness? A. Being exceptionally good-looking.

　　B. Having a loving, affectionate relationship.

　　C. Having a good paying job.

　　D. Meeting lots of people.

　　25. Which of the following attitudes or feelings is most likely to be found in happy people?

　　A. Having self-esteem.

　　B. Being sure of keeping everything they already have.

　　C. Never being jealous.

　　D. Knowing how to be charming.

　　答案：21. D 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. A

　　英语四级仔细阅读二

　　Newspapers often tell us of floods in some parts of the United States.

　　Nearly every year on the great central drainages heavy rains and melting snow cause the waters to pour out the mountains and plains, to turn brooks into torrents, and to swell quiet streams into wild uncontrolled rivers. From Cairo to New Orleans, and from Pittsburgh to Paducah, the cry "River rising!" is a familiar yet fearful voice. . . When the rivers sometimes become too high or too swift to be controlled communities are flooded, families flee from their homes, croplands are washed out, and transportation comes to a halt. Hunger, disease, and death follow the wild waters.

　　Although given less publicity, the agricultural damage done by the many smaller, more frequent floods usually far exceeds the losses caused by the very grand ones. In the Central States, ditches and drains cause the flows from spring rains and melting snow to run far more rapidly than in the days before white men settled on the land. Once, excess spring flood waters emptied into lakes and swampy lands, there to be detained for slow release into stream and rivers. Now, systematic drainage has actually eliminated these natural reservoirs.

　　In the more rolling sections of the East, spring runoff was formerly absorbed and held temporarily in the porous soils beneath the unbroken expanse of forest. When large areas were converted to farm use, removal of the forest and the practice of up-and-down hill plowing deprived the soils of much of their ability to catch and store water.

　　The effects of eliminating the natural forest cover are shown in the gullied farm lands and widened stream channels found in some densely settled areas. Partly because the stream channels are more or less filled with material washed down from the uplands, and partly because storm runoff has increased, the channels are today no longer able to carry all the flow from heavy rains. This explains why the streams overtop banks far more often than in the days before settlement.

　　26. The best title for the selection would be______.

　　A. River Rising! River Rising! B. Forests and Floods

　　C. Flooding in the U. S. D. The Results of Flooding

　　27. All of the following cause floods EXCEPT______.

　　A. heavy rain B. melting snow

　　C. increasing storm runoff D. porous soil

　　28. The author states that______.

　　A. lakes and swamps once acted like natural reservoirs

　　B. up-and-down hill plowing catches and stores water

　　C. stream channels are the best carriers of water

　　D. floods are easily prevented and controlled

　　29. According to the selection, streams overtop their banks partly because______.

　　A. material from higher land is washed into them

　　B. ditches and drains lead into them

　　C. rivers become too swift

　　D. snow melts more rapidly nowadays

　　30. The floods which are given most publicity______.

　　A. cause no damage

　　B. cause the most damage

　　C. cause less agricultural damage than the many smaller, more frequent floods

　　D. far exceed the smaller, more frequent floods in agricultural loss

　　答案：　26. C 27. D 28. A 29. A 30. C

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