历年英语四级阅读真题全解析(2002-2004)
- 第1页:2002.1-Passageone
- 第2页:2002.1-PassageTwo
- 第3页:2002.1-PassageThree
- 第4页:2002.1-PassageFour
- 第5页:2002.6-Passage One
- 第6页:2002.6-Passage Two
- 第7页:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第8页:2002.6-Passage Three
- 第9页:2003.1-Passage One
Passage Four
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they’ve become wealthier and more worldly-wise. Foreign travel is a national passion; this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonald’s and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to “Have a nice day” has caught on all over Israel. “Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, ‘Let’s be nicer,’” says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. “Nothing happens without competition.”
Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies (垄断者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls “the revengeful (报复的) consumer.” When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.” The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly mopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour. The graceless El Al Airlines, which is already at auction (拍卖), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, “You can feel the change in the air.” For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.
26. It may be inferred from the passage that ________.
A) customer service in Israel is now improving
B) wealthy Israeli customers are hard to please
C) the tourist industry has brought chain stores to Israel
D) Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones(A)
27. In the author’s view, higher service standards are impossible in Israel ________.
A) if customer complaints go unnoticed by the management
B) unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbers
C) if there’s no competition among companies
D) without strict routine training of employees(C)
28. If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure, ________.
A) they can have it fixed in no time
B) it’s no longer necessary to make an appointment
C) the appointment takes only half a day to make
D) they only have to wait half an hour at most(D)
29. The example of El A1 Airlines shows that ________.
A) revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprises
B) an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficulty
C) a good slogan has great potential for improving service
D) staff retraining is essential for better service(D)
30. Why did Bezaq’s international branch lose 40% of its market share?
A) Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.
B) Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.
C) Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.
D) Because it no longer received any support from the government.(B)
这两段材料所要论述的核心是竞争使服务改善。虽然只是两个大段,但分工比较明确。大段主要从以色列人的服务体验的角度来说明竞争改善服务的种情形。第二段则提出第二点情形:私人化。
段讲以色列人所体验的服务改善。改善总有缘由,开头讲到以色列人因为比从前更加有钱(become wealthier),见过的世面也更广(more worldly-wise),所以出游的次数很多(one in 10 citizens will go abroad,十分之一的人出国旅游)。出国旅游的结果是体验到了国外优质的服务,回国之后当然期望国内的服务也具有同样的质量(Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same)。这是个缘由。与此同时,美国公司大批进入以色列。所谓外来的和尚会念经,美国公司给以色列人带来了优质的服务体验。他们带来了新的客户服务标准,实施严格的员工培训,时刻监控待客员工对客户是否友好。结果是,整个以色列的服务都开始改善,典型的例子就是美国式的Have a nice day问候语在以色列流行开来。这一段后一句揭示了现象下面的本质:Nothing happens without competition,这一切都是竞争所带来的。
第二段讲的是私人化。句就开门见山指出私人化是带来竞争从而使服务改善的原因。作者随后的论述不是从正面论述,而是从私人化的反面——垄断说起。这里的垄断Monopolies应该指的是国有企业的垄断。垄断会造成服务质量下降,这是不争的事实,而低劣的服务会给消费者造成伤害,终引发消费者的报复(the revengeful consumer)。文中举了一个例子来说明这种报复的强度。政府允许一家私人公司Bezaq参与电信竞争,结果政府企业的国际分部马上丧失了40%的市场份额,这是在它的费率比Bezaq还要低的情况下发生的。随后,作者从正面说明私人化所带来的竞争效果。首先是电力公司把派送维修人员的时间期限从半天缩短到了半小时。而一家航空公司在严格要求乘务人员提供优质服务,并提出了要改变服务的口号。终的效果是消费者的好评如潮(praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets)。
26. A
题目问从文中可以推断出什么。因为这是题,一般情况下应该结合段的内容排除错误的选项。
A,以色列的客户服务正在改善。文中没有直接提到以色列的客户服务的改善,但从个别句子可以做出推断。段前半部分在讲以色列人因为经常旅游、接触到了国外高质量的服务后,回到国内对服务质量的要求也增高了。后半部分讲的是国外企业进入以色列后,带来了一套新的标准(setting a new standard of customer service),并暗示竞争使服务变好。文中Let’s be nicer应该指的就是服务变好。由此可见,A的说法是合理的。
B,富有的以色列消费者很难取悦。这句话考查对Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they’ve become wealthier and more worldly-wise一句的理解。首先,这里的wealthier使用了比较级,即指比以前富有了的以色列人,富有是相对的,并不指的就是富人,从这一点就可以排除B。More demanding含有要求更高的意思,“要求更高”和“很难取悦”在程度上应该还是存在一定距离的。
C,旅游业已经为以色列带来了连锁企业。根据文意,连锁企业并不是旅游业带来的。根据对选项A的分析可知,旅游业带来的是国民对服务更高的要求,而不是连锁企业。
D,相对于国内产品,以色列消费者更青睐国外产品。文中提到了KFC等国外企业的涌入,其结果是竞争促进了服务质量的提高。至于消费者更加青睐哪一方,文中并没有相关描述。
27.C
题目问在作者看来,在以色列不可能实现更高的服务标准(条件是)……
A,如果管理层无视顾客的抱怨之声。
B,除非外国公司更大数量地引入国内。
C,如果公司之间没有竞争。
D,如果不对员工严格进行常规培训。
这道题应该说比较简单,因为段文末已经给出直接的答案Nothing happens without competition,Nothing happens应该指的就是不能实现更高的服务标准,条件是without competition(没有竞争)。应该选择C。
段没有提到管理层或者是客户的抱怨,因此可以排除A。
根据文意,外国公司进入以色列已经带来了竞争,而竞争已经使服务质量上升,文章没有强调非更多引入外国公司不可的意思。因此可以排除B。
这里也没有提到员工培训问题,D的说法是子虚乌有,可以排除。
28. D
题目问如今在以色列如果有人需要维修人员来解决停电问题,那么……
A,立即就会得到修理。
B,已经没有必要预约。
C,预约只需半天时间。
D,他们多只需等待半小时。
这道题考查对这两句话的理解:The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly mopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour.
句是说电力公司曾经让用户等待半天时间,第二句则说现在只需要半小时。题目问的是现在(today)的情况,所以应该是半小时,选择D。
29. D
题目问El A1航空公司的例子说明了什么。
A,含有报复心态的消费者对垄断巨头来说是一个威胁。
B,做广告是身处财政困境企业的一条出路。
C,对于服务改善来说,一条好的口号具有很大的潜力。
D,员工再培训对于提高服务来说是至关重要的。
文中叙述这家航空公司采取了两项措施来解决危机,一是对员工进行服务方面的再培训(has retrained its employees to emphasize service),二是做广告,以口号来宣传自己(在服务上)已经今非昔比 (is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan,“You can feel the change in the air.”),而后作者指出这些措施的成效:好评次超过了抱怨( For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets)。
A指的是电力公司的例子,可以排除。
B讲的是文中的第二条措施:广告宣传。但文中的广告是指宣传自己的服务正在改善,服务是本质,而不是泛泛地做企业广告。因此B的说法不准确。
C的说法颠倒了服务和口号的关系。在文中,航空公司首先进行服务改善,而后使用口号来宣传服务。而C的意思是依靠口号来进行服务改善,显然是错误的。
D的说法恰好是航空公司条措施的内容,是正确的。
30. B
题目问Bezaq的国际分部为什么会失去其40%的市场份额。
A,因为它报收的费用还不够具有竞争力。
B,因为客户们对其过去的服务不满。
C,因为它的竞争对手所提供的服务远好于它。
D,因为它不再受到政府的任何支持。
这道题考查对这一句的理解:When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.”
句说的是政府开放了Bezaq的竞争,也就是为该行业引入竞争对手,这当然并没有说不再受到政府的任何支持,D不对。
之后说的是题干所讲的该公司失去了40%份额的事实,此后是while引导的一个条件,意思是“即便在提供具有竞争力费率的情况下”。这说明Bezaq的费率比竞争对手还要低,因此A不对。
至于这其中的原因,后一句话给出了解释:人们要对该公司过去的恶劣服务进行报复。符合这个意思的是B,C虽然也提到了服务,但文中没有论述现在Bezaq的服务如何,所以并不正确。
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they’ve become wealthier and more worldly-wise. Foreign travel is a national passion; this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonald’s and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee training and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to “Have a nice day” has caught on all over Israel. “Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, ‘Let’s be nicer,’” says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm. “Nothing happens without competition.”
Privatization, or the threat of it, is a motivation as well. Monopolies (垄断者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor, calls “the revengeful (报复的) consumer.” When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.” The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly mopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour. The graceless El Al Airlines, which is already at auction (拍卖), has retrained its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, “You can feel the change in the air.” For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.
26. It may be inferred from the passage that ________.
A) customer service in Israel is now improving
B) wealthy Israeli customers are hard to please
C) the tourist industry has brought chain stores to Israel
D) Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones(A)
27. In the author’s view, higher service standards are impossible in Israel ________.
A) if customer complaints go unnoticed by the management
B) unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbers
C) if there’s no competition among companies
D) without strict routine training of employees(C)
28. If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure, ________.
A) they can have it fixed in no time
B) it’s no longer necessary to make an appointment
C) the appointment takes only half a day to make
D) they only have to wait half an hour at most(D)
29. The example of El A1 Airlines shows that ________.
A) revengeful customers are a threat to the monopoly of enterprises
B) an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficulty
C) a good slogan has great potential for improving service
D) staff retraining is essential for better service(D)
30. Why did Bezaq’s international branch lose 40% of its market share?
A) Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.
B) Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.
C) Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.
D) Because it no longer received any support from the government.(B)
这两段材料所要论述的核心是竞争使服务改善。虽然只是两个大段,但分工比较明确。大段主要从以色列人的服务体验的角度来说明竞争改善服务的种情形。第二段则提出第二点情形:私人化。
段讲以色列人所体验的服务改善。改善总有缘由,开头讲到以色列人因为比从前更加有钱(become wealthier),见过的世面也更广(more worldly-wise),所以出游的次数很多(one in 10 citizens will go abroad,十分之一的人出国旅游)。出国旅游的结果是体验到了国外优质的服务,回国之后当然期望国内的服务也具有同样的质量(Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same)。这是个缘由。与此同时,美国公司大批进入以色列。所谓外来的和尚会念经,美国公司给以色列人带来了优质的服务体验。他们带来了新的客户服务标准,实施严格的员工培训,时刻监控待客员工对客户是否友好。结果是,整个以色列的服务都开始改善,典型的例子就是美国式的Have a nice day问候语在以色列流行开来。这一段后一句揭示了现象下面的本质:Nothing happens without competition,这一切都是竞争所带来的。
第二段讲的是私人化。句就开门见山指出私人化是带来竞争从而使服务改善的原因。作者随后的论述不是从正面论述,而是从私人化的反面——垄断说起。这里的垄断Monopolies应该指的是国有企业的垄断。垄断会造成服务质量下降,这是不争的事实,而低劣的服务会给消费者造成伤害,终引发消费者的报复(the revengeful consumer)。文中举了一个例子来说明这种报复的强度。政府允许一家私人公司Bezaq参与电信竞争,结果政府企业的国际分部马上丧失了40%的市场份额,这是在它的费率比Bezaq还要低的情况下发生的。随后,作者从正面说明私人化所带来的竞争效果。首先是电力公司把派送维修人员的时间期限从半天缩短到了半小时。而一家航空公司在严格要求乘务人员提供优质服务,并提出了要改变服务的口号。终的效果是消费者的好评如潮(praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets)。
26. A
题目问从文中可以推断出什么。因为这是题,一般情况下应该结合段的内容排除错误的选项。
A,以色列的客户服务正在改善。文中没有直接提到以色列的客户服务的改善,但从个别句子可以做出推断。段前半部分在讲以色列人因为经常旅游、接触到了国外高质量的服务后,回到国内对服务质量的要求也增高了。后半部分讲的是国外企业进入以色列后,带来了一套新的标准(setting a new standard of customer service),并暗示竞争使服务变好。文中Let’s be nicer应该指的就是服务变好。由此可见,A的说法是合理的。
B,富有的以色列消费者很难取悦。这句话考查对Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they’ve become wealthier and more worldly-wise一句的理解。首先,这里的wealthier使用了比较级,即指比以前富有了的以色列人,富有是相对的,并不指的就是富人,从这一点就可以排除B。More demanding含有要求更高的意思,“要求更高”和“很难取悦”在程度上应该还是存在一定距离的。
C,旅游业已经为以色列带来了连锁企业。根据文意,连锁企业并不是旅游业带来的。根据对选项A的分析可知,旅游业带来的是国民对服务更高的要求,而不是连锁企业。
D,相对于国内产品,以色列消费者更青睐国外产品。文中提到了KFC等国外企业的涌入,其结果是竞争促进了服务质量的提高。至于消费者更加青睐哪一方,文中并没有相关描述。
27.C
题目问在作者看来,在以色列不可能实现更高的服务标准(条件是)……
A,如果管理层无视顾客的抱怨之声。
B,除非外国公司更大数量地引入国内。
C,如果公司之间没有竞争。
D,如果不对员工严格进行常规培训。
这道题应该说比较简单,因为段文末已经给出直接的答案Nothing happens without competition,Nothing happens应该指的就是不能实现更高的服务标准,条件是without competition(没有竞争)。应该选择C。
段没有提到管理层或者是客户的抱怨,因此可以排除A。
根据文意,外国公司进入以色列已经带来了竞争,而竞争已经使服务质量上升,文章没有强调非更多引入外国公司不可的意思。因此可以排除B。
这里也没有提到员工培训问题,D的说法是子虚乌有,可以排除。
28. D
题目问如今在以色列如果有人需要维修人员来解决停电问题,那么……
A,立即就会得到修理。
B,已经没有必要预约。
C,预约只需半天时间。
D,他们多只需等待半小时。
这道题考查对这两句话的理解:The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly mopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour.
句是说电力公司曾经让用户等待半天时间,第二句则说现在只需要半小时。题目问的是现在(today)的情况,所以应该是半小时,选择D。
29. D
题目问El A1航空公司的例子说明了什么。
A,含有报复心态的消费者对垄断巨头来说是一个威胁。
B,做广告是身处财政困境企业的一条出路。
C,对于服务改善来说,一条好的口号具有很大的潜力。
D,员工再培训对于提高服务来说是至关重要的。
文中叙述这家航空公司采取了两项措施来解决危机,一是对员工进行服务方面的再培训(has retrained its employees to emphasize service),二是做广告,以口号来宣传自己(在服务上)已经今非昔比 (is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan,“You can feel the change in the air.”),而后作者指出这些措施的成效:好评次超过了抱怨( For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets)。
A指的是电力公司的例子,可以排除。
B讲的是文中的第二条措施:广告宣传。但文中的广告是指宣传自己的服务正在改善,服务是本质,而不是泛泛地做企业广告。因此B的说法不准确。
C的说法颠倒了服务和口号的关系。在文中,航空公司首先进行服务改善,而后使用口号来宣传服务。而C的意思是依靠口号来进行服务改善,显然是错误的。
D的说法恰好是航空公司条措施的内容,是正确的。
30. B
题目问Bezaq的国际分部为什么会失去其40%的市场份额。
A,因为它报收的费用还不够具有竞争力。
B,因为客户们对其过去的服务不满。
C,因为它的竞争对手所提供的服务远好于它。
D,因为它不再受到政府的任何支持。
这道题考查对这一句的理解:When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, “People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service.”
句说的是政府开放了Bezaq的竞争,也就是为该行业引入竞争对手,这当然并没有说不再受到政府的任何支持,D不对。
之后说的是题干所讲的该公司失去了40%份额的事实,此后是while引导的一个条件,意思是“即便在提供具有竞争力费率的情况下”。这说明Bezaq的费率比竞争对手还要低,因此A不对。
至于这其中的原因,后一句话给出了解释:人们要对该公司过去的恶劣服务进行报复。符合这个意思的是B,C虽然也提到了服务,但文中没有论述现在Bezaq的服务如何,所以并不正确。
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