Part IV Reading Comprehension Reading in Depth (35 minutes)
22、Directions : There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 22-27are based on the following passage.
For years there have been endless articles stating that scientists are on the verge of achieving artificial intelligence, that it is just around the comer. The truth is that it may be just around the comer, but they haven't yet found the right clock.
　　Artificial intelligence aims to build machines that can think. One immediate problem is to de- fine thought, which is harder than you might think. The specialists in the field of artificial intelligence complain, with some justification, that anything that their machines do is dismissed as not being thought. For example, computers can now play very, very good chess. They can't beat the greatest players in the world, but they can beat just about anybody else. If a human being played chess at this level, he or she would certainly be considered smart. Why not a machine The answer is that the machine doesn't do anything clever in playing chess. It uses its blinding speed to do a brute-force (残忍的) search of all possible moves for several moves ahead, evaluates the out- comes and picks the best.
　　Humans don't play chess that way. They see patterns, which computers don't.
　　This wooden approach to thought characterizes machine intelligence. Computers have no judgment, no flexibility, no common sense. So-called expert systems, one of the hottest areas in artificial intelligence, aim to mimic the reasoning processes of human experts in a limited field, such as medical diagnosis or weather forecasting．There may be limited commercial applications for this sort of thing, but there is no way to make a machine think about anything under the sun, which a teenager can do. The hallmark (特征) of artificial intelligence to date is that if a problem is severely restricted, a machine can achieve limited success. But when the problem is expanded to a realistic one, computers fall flat on their display screens. For example, machines can understand a few words spoken individually by a speaker that they have been trained to hear. They cannot understand continuous speech using an unlimited vocabulary spoken by just any speaker.
From the passage we know that the author__________
A．thinks that scientists are about to achieve artificial intelligence
B．doubts whether scientists can ever achieve artificial intelligence
C．does not think that scientists have found real artificial intelligence
D．is sure that scientists have achieved artificial intelligenc
23、We learn from the second paragraph that ________
A．the writer thinks that the specialists complains have some reasons
B．anything that the computer does can be regarded as thought
C．it is not very difficult to define thought
D．computers play chess in exactly the same way as humans
24、The advantage of the computer in playing chess lies in its___________
A．cleverness i thinking out original moves
B．ability to pick up the best out of all possible moves very quickly
C．flexibility in choosing several different moves
D．ability to see patterns
25、The characteristic of machine intelligence is its_________
A．correct judgment
B．high flexibility
C．ability to think about anything
D．rigid approach to thought
26、Which of the following statements about computers is true according to the passage?
A．Computers can beat any chess player in the worl
B．Computers can never be used to forecast weathe
C．Computers can be trained to understand some words spoken by a speake
D．Computers can be made to think as a teenager doe
27、Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Questions27-32are based on the following passage.
　 　Drunken driving -- sometimes called America's socially accepted form of murder -- has become a national epidemic. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding up to an incredible 250,000 over the past decade.
A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0. 10 blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drunk within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American man image and judges were tolerant in most courts, but the drunken slaughter (屠杀) has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.
　 　Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18. After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18 to 20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21.
Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop "responsible attitudes" about drinking and teach them to resist pressure to drink.
　 　New laws have led to increased arrests and tests and, in many areas already, to a marked de- dine in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks. A tavern (小酒店) in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who was "obviously intoxicated (喝醉的)" and later drove off the road, killing a nine-year-old boy. As the fatalities continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years of national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919, what President Hoover called the "noble experiment". They forget that legal prohibition didn't stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution.
Drunken driving has become a popular problem in America because___________
A．accidents attract so much publicity
B．most Americans are heavy drinkers
C．drinking is a socially-accepted habit in America
D．Americans are now less shocked by road accidents
28、Public opinion regarding drunken driving has changed in that___________
A．detailed statistics are now available
B．judges are giving more severe sentences
C．drivers are more conscious of their image
D．the news media have highlighted the problem
29、Statistics issued in New Jersey suggested that_________
A．many drivers were not of legal age
B．young drivers were often bad drivers
C．the legal drinking age should be raised
D．the level of drinking increased in the 1960s
30、Laws recently introduced in some states have_________
A．resulted in fewer serious accidents 
B．reduced the number of convictions 
C．specified the amount drivers can drink
D．prevented bars from serving drunken customers
31、The problem of drunken driving is difficult to solve because___________
A．alcohol is easily obtained
B．legislation alone is not sufficient
C．legal prohibiting has already failed
D．drinking is linked to organized crime