Part IV Reading Comprehension Reading in Depth 25 minutes
48Which of the following statements is NOT true?
AThe results of economic decisions can not always be predicte
BMinimum wage can not always protect employee
CEconomic theory can predict the results of economic decisions if other factors are not changin
DEconomic decisions should not be based on economic theor
49There is a new type of small advertisement becoming increasingly common in newspaper classified columns. It is sometimes placed among situations vacant, although it does not offer anyone a job, and sometimes it appears among situations wanted, although it is not placed by someone looking for a job, either. What it does is to offer help in applying for a job.
Contact us before writing your application, or Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history, is how it is usually expressed. The growth and apparent success of such a specialized service is, of course, a reflection on the current high levels of unemployment. It is also an indication of the growing importance of the curriculum vitae (or job history), with the suggestion that it may now qualify as an art form in its own right.
There was a time when job seekers simply wrote letters of application. Just put down your name, address, age and whether you have passed any exams, was about the average level of advice offered to young people applying for their first jobs when I left school. The letter was really just for openers, it was explained, everything else could and should be saved for the interview. And in those days of full employment the technique worked. The letter proved that you could write and were available for work. Your eager face and intelligent replies did the rest.
Later, as you moved up the ladder, something slightly more sophisticated was called for. The advice then was to put something in the letter which would distinguish you from the rest. It might be the aggressive approach. Your search is over. I am the person you are looking for, was a widely used trick that occasionally succeeded. Or it might be some special feature specially designed for the job interview.
There is no doubt, however, that it is increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.
The new type of advertisement which is appearing in newspaper columns .
Ainforms job hunters of the opportunities available
Bpromises to offer useful advice to those looking for employment
Cdivides available jobs into various types
Dinforms employers of the people available for work
50Nowadays a demand for this specialized type of service has been created because .
Athere is a lack of jobs available for artistic people
Bthere are so many toplevel jobs available
Cthere are so many people out of work
Dthe job history is considered to be a work of art
51In the past it was expected that first job hunters would .
Awrite an initial letter giving their life history
Bpass some exams before applying for a job
Chave no qualifications other than being able to read and write
Dkeep any detailed information until they obtained an interview
52The curriculum vitae has become such an important document because .
Athere has been an increase in the number of jobs advertised
Bthere has been an increase in the number of applicants with degrees
Cjobs are becoming much more complicated nowadays
Dthe other processes of applying for jobs are more complicated
53The passage tells us .
Athe relationship between supply and demand
Bthe possible results of government controls
Cthe necessity of government control
Dthe urgency of getting rid of government controls
54The problem of unemployment will arise .
Aif the minimum wage is set too high
Bif the minimum wage is set too low
Cif the workers are unskilled
Dif the maximum wage is set
55According to the critics, rent control .
Awill always benefit those who rent apartments
Bis unnecessary
Cwill bring negative effects in the long run
Dis necessary under all circumstances
56Later, as one went on to apply for more important jobs, one was advised to include in the letter .
Asomething that would distinguish one from other applicants
Bhinted information about the personality of the applicant
Cones advantages over others in applying for the job
Dan occasional trick with the aggressive approach
57In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rentcontrolled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.
Some theorists argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, lowpaying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. The price, which is the wage that employers must pay, increases. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.
Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages.
Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if other things are equal. Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may .
Acause a shortage of apartments
Bworry those who rent apartments as homes
Cincrease the profits of landlords
Dencourage landlords to invest in building apartments