2011年12月英语四级全真预测试卷及答案(4)
(Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
■ Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 11 to 20 are based on the following passage.
The anthropologist (人类学家) Clifford Geertz defines culture as a “historically transmitted pattern of meanings embodied in symbols ... by 11 of which men can communicate, perpetuate and develop their own knowledge about and attitudes towards life.”
Why is it important that you 12 about other cultures? There are a number of reasons. Some may do it 13 because they find fascinating the different ways that people think, speak, act, evaluate, and communicate. But let me assume that you are a more pragmatic sort of person, and are 14 in the “cash value” of a course like this — apart, that is, from the grade you will receive at the end of it. What is a class like this good for? Let me make a couple of suggestions on how what you learn in this class may prove 15 to you in the future:
Business: Geert Hofstede’s excellent book on culture is 16 not primarily out of academic theory, but out of his study of the practical problems faced by one particular modern corporation (IBM), which exists across national and cultural 17 . In the world we live in, understanding 18 in general and also specific individual cultures in particular can make the difference between success and failure in the global market and economy.
Politics and Diplomacy: If your career goal involves anything that relates to international politics and diplomacy, then understanding other cultures is 19 .
Neighbors: If none of these previous factors 20 you, then you can just look at this class as a lesson in good neighborliness in the global village.
A) learn I) boundaries
B) written J) ways
C) means K) motivates
D) simply L) important
E) exactly M) disturbs
F) interested N) read
G) culture O) useless
H) useful
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
As concern about swine flu sweeps the globe, the best way to protect yourself from contracting it or other infectious diseases is with a dose of common sense: Wash your hands frequently, cover your coughs and sneezes and stay home from work or school if you feel ill.
These guidelines may seem basic, but they’re effective in warding off the spread of infections. Richard Besser, acting director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), said, “Control of an outbreak of infectious disease is a shared responsibility. It’s important that individuals realize they have a key role to play in reducing their own likelihood of getting infected.”
Specifically, people are wise to wash their hands often with soap and warm water for 15 to 20 seconds at a time or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer if water isn’t accessible. The CDC also recommends avoiding touching your eyes, nose and mouth to prevent the spread of germs.
Symptoms of swine flu are similar to those of regular seasonal influenza. People with swine flu often get a fever, headache, cough, sore throat, body aches, chills and fatigue. Some also have gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea or vomiting.
Swine flu is a virus that usually affects pigs but appears to have acquired the ability to pass from person to person, though it’s unclear how easily it can be transmitted this way.
If you become sick, stay home for the period of infection, which is typically seven days, although children may be contagious for longer. Once on the mend, don’t return to work or school until at least a day after symptoms have disappeared, Besser said.
“Wearing a face mask when out in public isn’t warranted in most cases,” he said. “I know some people feel more comfortable having a mask, and there are certain circumstances where that may be of value, but I would rather people really focus on hand-washing, as well as covering coughs and sneezes.”
Other social practices may need to be adjusted, such as the salutary kiss that’s customary in some regions.
“If you’re in an affected area or you have the swine flu, it’s probably best not to give a kiss,” Besser said. “But we’re not recommending the end of affection during the period.”
21. To protect yourself from swine flu, it is a good idea to __________.
A) have baths frequently B) cover your coughs and sneezes
C) stay home from work or school if you feel tired D) eat an apple every day
22. The underlined phrase “warding off” in the second paragraph can be replaced by “_______”.
A) investigating B) increasing C) preventing D) decreasing
23. What does Richard Besser mean by saying “Control of ... getting infected.”?
A) It is the government’s responsibility to fight against infectious diseases.
B) It is the patients’ responsibility to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
C) It is everybody’s responsibility to control the outbreak of infectious diseases.
D) It is doctors’ and experts’ responsibility to fight against infectious diseases.
24. According to the passage, what do we know about swine flu?
A) Swine flu can be transmitted easily among pigs but not among people.
B) Symptoms of swine flu are different from those of regular seasonal influenza.
C) People with swine flu often get a stomachache, headache and toothache.
D) Swine flu is a virus that has acquired the ability to pass from person to person.
25. What does Richard Besser think of wearing a face mask?
A) It can protect people from getting infected.
B) It can make people feel comfortable and is affordable.
C) It isn’t as effective as hand-washing and covering your mouth when you cough or sneeze.
D) It is more effective than hand-washing and covering coughs and sneezes.
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Sixteen-year-old Karlos Dearman’s future is looking much brighter than he might previously have imagined. “I’ve always been into bikes, but never thought I’d end up working with them,” he says. “This scheme has changed my life.”
Karlos is learning to refurbish (翻新) old bicycles in the workshop of ReCycle Bikes, a local community charity in Sheffield, which has a contract with the city council to provide training opportunities for young people aged 14 to 16, particularly those struggling in mainstream education or excluded from school.
“It’s about engaging youngsters with education and youth training by teaching them work and life skills,” explains Des Pearce, workshop training manager. “These young people have so much potential, but often don’t realize it.”
Established in 2001, ReCycle Bikes repairs bicycles donated by the public, which, once restored, are sold for ￡20. Abandoned bikes supplied by the council ensure a steady flow of bikes, but a recently formed partnership with Sheffield University should improve further the prospects of the young mechanics.
“The student population presents a large and ready market,” says Pearce. “So we approached the university last year and offered to host bike sales on the campus. They thought it was a great idea, and agreed to supplement our council funding. This means we can train youngsters to repair extra 500 bikes over three years, and fund Karlos’s apprenticeship.”
Having set up ReCycle Bikes on his own, Pearce now has the staff and resources to track the career development of those who have passed through his workshop.
“At the moment we depend on anecdotal evidence from the schools,” he says. “But we are planning exit interviews with the young people to ascertain what they plan to do, and these will allow us to check on their progress.”
That most of the teenagers enjoy the work is, according to Pearce, easily explained. “Most kids have ridden a bike and know how to oil a chain or mend a puncture. As low-cost transport, cycling gives the young and old a sense of freedom and independence, and the impact on their well-being is immense. Add to that a growing concern for the environment, and it’s no surprise that bike sales are on the increase.”
26. What do we know about ReCycle Bikes?
A) It is a popular brand of bikes which are sold in Sheffield.
B) It is a local community charity that provides training opportunities for young people.
C) It is a contract signed between a local community charity and the city council.
D) It is a training program offered by the city council to those excluded from school.
27. How did ReCycle Bikes run at the beginning?
A) By repairing bicycles donated by the public and selling them.
B) By donations from the public and Sheffield University.
C) By selling bicycles supplied by the city council.
D) By tuition fees from kids aged between 14 and 16.
28. ReCycle Bikes has formed a partnership with Sheffield University because ____________.
A) students at Sheffield University assure a large and ready market
B) Sheffield University offers many mechanical teachers to ReCycle Bikes
C) Sheffield University donates a lot of money to ReCycle Bikes
D) teenagers at ReCycle Bikes can study at Sheffield University in the future
29. Why does ReCycle Bikes depend on information from the schools?
A) The schools give accurate information.
B) Students dislike telling the truth in interviews.
C) ReCycle Bikes doesn’t have the ability to track students’ career development.
D) All the training organizations do it this way.
30. According to Pearce, why do most of the teenagers enjoy the work?
A) Most kids want to learn how to repair bikes.
B) Teenagers don’t have enough money to buy cars.
C) Youngsters care more about bikes than adults.
D) Teenagers are familiar with bikes and they have a passion for them.
■ Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 11 to 20 are based on the following passage.
The anthropologist (人类学家) Clifford Geertz defines culture as a “historically transmitted pattern of meanings embodied in symbols ... by 11 of which men can communicate, perpetuate and develop their own knowledge about and attitudes towards life.”
Why is it important that you 12 about other cultures? There are a number of reasons. Some may do it 13 because they find fascinating the different ways that people think, speak, act, evaluate, and communicate. But let me assume that you are a more pragmatic sort of person, and are 14 in the “cash value” of a course like this — apart, that is, from the grade you will receive at the end of it. What is a class like this good for? Let me make a couple of suggestions on how what you learn in this class may prove 15 to you in the future:
Business: Geert Hofstede’s excellent book on culture is 16 not primarily out of academic theory, but out of his study of the practical problems faced by one particular modern corporation (IBM), which exists across national and cultural 17 . In the world we live in, understanding 18 in general and also specific individual cultures in particular can make the difference between success and failure in the global market and economy.
Politics and Diplomacy: If your career goal involves anything that relates to international politics and diplomacy, then understanding other cultures is 19 .
Neighbors: If none of these previous factors 20 you, then you can just look at this class as a lesson in good neighborliness in the global village.
A) learn I) boundaries
B) written J) ways
C) means K) motivates
D) simply L) important
E) exactly M) disturbs
F) interested N) read
G) culture O) useless
H) useful
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
As concern about swine flu sweeps the globe, the best way to protect yourself from contracting it or other infectious diseases is with a dose of common sense: Wash your hands frequently, cover your coughs and sneezes and stay home from work or school if you feel ill.
These guidelines may seem basic, but they’re effective in warding off the spread of infections. Richard Besser, acting director of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), said, “Control of an outbreak of infectious disease is a shared responsibility. It’s important that individuals realize they have a key role to play in reducing their own likelihood of getting infected.”
Specifically, people are wise to wash their hands often with soap and warm water for 15 to 20 seconds at a time or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer if water isn’t accessible. The CDC also recommends avoiding touching your eyes, nose and mouth to prevent the spread of germs.
Symptoms of swine flu are similar to those of regular seasonal influenza. People with swine flu often get a fever, headache, cough, sore throat, body aches, chills and fatigue. Some also have gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea or vomiting.
Swine flu is a virus that usually affects pigs but appears to have acquired the ability to pass from person to person, though it’s unclear how easily it can be transmitted this way.
If you become sick, stay home for the period of infection, which is typically seven days, although children may be contagious for longer. Once on the mend, don’t return to work or school until at least a day after symptoms have disappeared, Besser said.
“Wearing a face mask when out in public isn’t warranted in most cases,” he said. “I know some people feel more comfortable having a mask, and there are certain circumstances where that may be of value, but I would rather people really focus on hand-washing, as well as covering coughs and sneezes.”
Other social practices may need to be adjusted, such as the salutary kiss that’s customary in some regions.
“If you’re in an affected area or you have the swine flu, it’s probably best not to give a kiss,” Besser said. “But we’re not recommending the end of affection during the period.”
21. To protect yourself from swine flu, it is a good idea to __________.
A) have baths frequently B) cover your coughs and sneezes
C) stay home from work or school if you feel tired D) eat an apple every day
22. The underlined phrase “warding off” in the second paragraph can be replaced by “_______”.
A) investigating B) increasing C) preventing D) decreasing
23. What does Richard Besser mean by saying “Control of ... getting infected.”?
A) It is the government’s responsibility to fight against infectious diseases.
B) It is the patients’ responsibility to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
C) It is everybody’s responsibility to control the outbreak of infectious diseases.
D) It is doctors’ and experts’ responsibility to fight against infectious diseases.
24. According to the passage, what do we know about swine flu?
A) Swine flu can be transmitted easily among pigs but not among people.
B) Symptoms of swine flu are different from those of regular seasonal influenza.
C) People with swine flu often get a stomachache, headache and toothache.
D) Swine flu is a virus that has acquired the ability to pass from person to person.
25. What does Richard Besser think of wearing a face mask?
A) It can protect people from getting infected.
B) It can make people feel comfortable and is affordable.
C) It isn’t as effective as hand-washing and covering your mouth when you cough or sneeze.
D) It is more effective than hand-washing and covering coughs and sneezes.
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Sixteen-year-old Karlos Dearman’s future is looking much brighter than he might previously have imagined. “I’ve always been into bikes, but never thought I’d end up working with them,” he says. “This scheme has changed my life.”
Karlos is learning to refurbish (翻新) old bicycles in the workshop of ReCycle Bikes, a local community charity in Sheffield, which has a contract with the city council to provide training opportunities for young people aged 14 to 16, particularly those struggling in mainstream education or excluded from school.
“It’s about engaging youngsters with education and youth training by teaching them work and life skills,” explains Des Pearce, workshop training manager. “These young people have so much potential, but often don’t realize it.”
Established in 2001, ReCycle Bikes repairs bicycles donated by the public, which, once restored, are sold for ￡20. Abandoned bikes supplied by the council ensure a steady flow of bikes, but a recently formed partnership with Sheffield University should improve further the prospects of the young mechanics.
“The student population presents a large and ready market,” says Pearce. “So we approached the university last year and offered to host bike sales on the campus. They thought it was a great idea, and agreed to supplement our council funding. This means we can train youngsters to repair extra 500 bikes over three years, and fund Karlos’s apprenticeship.”
Having set up ReCycle Bikes on his own, Pearce now has the staff and resources to track the career development of those who have passed through his workshop.
“At the moment we depend on anecdotal evidence from the schools,” he says. “But we are planning exit interviews with the young people to ascertain what they plan to do, and these will allow us to check on their progress.”
That most of the teenagers enjoy the work is, according to Pearce, easily explained. “Most kids have ridden a bike and know how to oil a chain or mend a puncture. As low-cost transport, cycling gives the young and old a sense of freedom and independence, and the impact on their well-being is immense. Add to that a growing concern for the environment, and it’s no surprise that bike sales are on the increase.”
26. What do we know about ReCycle Bikes?
A) It is a popular brand of bikes which are sold in Sheffield.
B) It is a local community charity that provides training opportunities for young people.
C) It is a contract signed between a local community charity and the city council.
D) It is a training program offered by the city council to those excluded from school.
27. How did ReCycle Bikes run at the beginning?
A) By repairing bicycles donated by the public and selling them.
B) By donations from the public and Sheffield University.
C) By selling bicycles supplied by the city council.
D) By tuition fees from kids aged between 14 and 16.
28. ReCycle Bikes has formed a partnership with Sheffield University because ____________.
A) students at Sheffield University assure a large and ready market
B) Sheffield University offers many mechanical teachers to ReCycle Bikes
C) Sheffield University donates a lot of money to ReCycle Bikes
D) teenagers at ReCycle Bikes can study at Sheffield University in the future
29. Why does ReCycle Bikes depend on information from the schools?
A) The schools give accurate information.
B) Students dislike telling the truth in interviews.
C) ReCycle Bikes doesn’t have the ability to track students’ career development.
D) All the training organizations do it this way.
30. According to Pearce, why do most of the teenagers enjoy the work?
A) Most kids want to learn how to repair bikes.
B) Teenagers don’t have enough money to buy cars.
C) Youngsters care more about bikes than adults.
D) Teenagers are familiar with bikes and they have a passion for them.
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