2015年12月英语四级考试模拟试卷（一）
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Directions：There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A），B），C）and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.
57、阅读下文，回答57-66题
You might think a little global warming is good for farming. Longer，warmner growing seasons and more carbon dioxide（CO2）--what plant wouldn’t love that? The agricultural industry basically agrees on that. But global warming’s effects on agriculture would actually be quite complicated--and mostly not for the better.
It’s true that some crops will prosper on a warmer planet，but the key word there is “some. ”According to a government report，higher CO2 levels and longer growing seasons will increase yields for fruit growers in the Great Lakes region. But many major American crops already use CO2 so efficiently that more of it probably won’t make much difference to them.
What will make a difference are all the other things we’ll have more of as temperatures rise—namely droughts（干旱），bugs and big storms. More droughts mean lower crop yields. Melting snow in the Western U. S. will increase water availability in spring but decrease it in summer, forcing farmers to change cropping practices. As insects that eat crops adapt their migration patterns to our warmer climate，farmers will have to either use more insecticide or plant hardier crops.
Farmers on both coasts are already starting to reap some of what the nation’s fossil-fuel addiction has sown. Crops in those regions require a certain number of colder days，or ‘‘winter chill’’ before they break dormancy（冬眠）and begin flowering. Too few cold days breaks the plants’ flowering schedule which in turn affects pollination（授粉）and hurts yield.
So, given how much is at stake for them，how are farm states working to shape climate legislation? In response to agricultural demands，the Waxman-Markey bill frees the agricultural industry from CO2 emission limits and gives up control over what activities guarantee carbon offset credit to the Agricultural Department.
Some farmers--and some farm state congressional leaders--have argued that because plants convertC02 into oxygen，agricultural lands store more CO2 than they emit. This is only theoretically true. What we can say with certainty is that，like most big industries，farming is fossil-fuel intensive--large quantities of CO2 are emitted from farm equipment such as irrigation pumps and tractors.
Under the influence of global warming, the yields of American crops will __________.
A．be greatly enhanced
B．be certainly reduced
C．still remain stable
D．be hard to predict
58、
“hardier crops”（Line 5，Para. 3）are most probably crops that __________.
A．need less water in summer
B．are more resistant to bugs
C．are strong enough to stand even big storms
D．keep growing regardless of global warming
59、
What is the result of “the nation’s fossil-fuel addiction” on both coasts?
A．Plants yield decreases due to shortened winter chill.
B．Plants yield without dormancy and flowering.
C．Crops require longer winter chill than before.
D．The yields are no longer influenced by the climate.
60、
According to the Waxman-Markey bill, the fanning industry __________.
A．should increase its consumption of CO2
B．should control its CO2emission within limits
C．is moving towards a CO2-free industry
D．is allowed to emit as much CO2 as it produces
61、
The author is most likely to agree that the farming industry __________.
A．consumes more CO2 than it emits
B．emits more CO2 than it consumes
C．produces many fossil fuels
D．consumes many fossil fuels
62、阅读下文，回答62-71题
Rising college selectivity doesn’t mean that students are smarter and more serious than in the past. It’s a function of excess demand for higher education，occurring at a time of increased financial privatization of the industry.
The recession has only increased demand. The vast majority of students aren't going to college because of a thirst for knowledge. They’re there because they need a job，and they need to get the credentials（证书）-and，one hopes，the knowledge and skills behind the credentials--that will get them into the labor market.
As higher education has become a seller’s market，the institutions in a position to do so are doing what comes naturally：raising their tuitions，and their admissions requirements，but at the expense of contributing to the national goal to increase college attainment. The result is that the United States is losing ground in the international race for educational talent.
The increasing stratification（阶层化）of higher education is happening on the spending side，as well. As the selective institutions have become more expensive and less attainable，the rest have had to struggle with the responsibility to enroll more students without being paid to do s0. Gaps between rich and poor have grown even more dramatically than gaps in entering test scores. While spending is a poor measure of educational quality，we can’t seriously expect to increase educational attainment if we're not prepared to do something to address these growing inequities in funding.
That said，the educational policy problem in our country is not that the elite institutions are becoming more selective. The problem is on the public pokey side. The president and many governors have set a goal to return America to a position of international leadership in educational attainment.
It’s the right goal，we just need a financing strategy to get there. That doesn’t mean just more money，although some more money will be needed. It also means better attention to effectiveness and to efficiency，and to making sure that spending goes to the places that will make a difference in educational attainment. We know how to do it，if we want to. ·
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
The demand for higher education has increased because __________.
A．the number of students keeps growing
B．there is a boost in the labor market
C．of the rising college selectivity
D．of the economic depression
63、 According to most students, what is the most essential condition that enables them to get into the labor market?
A．Diplomas.
B．Being employed.
C．Going to college.
D．Knowledge and skills.
64、 Since higher education has become a seller’s market，the national goal to increase college attainment __________. ‘’
A．will be fulfilled in a short time
B．will be difficult to achieve
C．will draw more public concern
D．will demand more financial input
65、 As it is mentioned in the 4th paragraph, gaps have grown dramatically between __________.
A．the talented students and the slow ones
B．the advanced countries and the others
C．the selective institutions and the rest
D．the rich families and the poor ones
66、 What does the author think should be modified so as to solve the educational policy problem?
A．The selectivity of elite institutions.
B．The industrialization of education.
C．The goal of education attainment.
D．The government’s funding strategy.
57、阅读下文，回答57-66题
You might think a little global warming is good for farming. Longer，warmner growing seasons and more carbon dioxide（CO2）--what plant wouldn’t love that? The agricultural industry basically agrees on that. But global warming’s effects on agriculture would actually be quite complicated--and mostly not for the better.
It’s true that some crops will prosper on a warmer planet，but the key word there is “some. ”According to a government report，higher CO2 levels and longer growing seasons will increase yields for fruit growers in the Great Lakes region. But many major American crops already use CO2 so efficiently that more of it probably won’t make much difference to them.
What will make a difference are all the other things we’ll have more of as temperatures rise—namely droughts（干旱），bugs and big storms. More droughts mean lower crop yields. Melting snow in the Western U. S. will increase water availability in spring but decrease it in summer, forcing farmers to change cropping practices. As insects that eat crops adapt their migration patterns to our warmer climate，farmers will have to either use more insecticide or plant hardier crops.
Farmers on both coasts are already starting to reap some of what the nation’s fossil-fuel addiction has sown. Crops in those regions require a certain number of colder days，or ‘‘winter chill’’ before they break dormancy（冬眠）and begin flowering. Too few cold days breaks the plants’ flowering schedule which in turn affects pollination（授粉）and hurts yield.
So, given how much is at stake for them，how are farm states working to shape climate legislation? In response to agricultural demands，the Waxman-Markey bill frees the agricultural industry from CO2 emission limits and gives up control over what activities guarantee carbon offset credit to the Agricultural Department.
Some farmers--and some farm state congressional leaders--have argued that because plants convertC02 into oxygen，agricultural lands store more CO2 than they emit. This is only theoretically true. What we can say with certainty is that，like most big industries，farming is fossil-fuel intensive--large quantities of CO2 are emitted from farm equipment such as irrigation pumps and tractors.
Under the influence of global warming, the yields of American crops will __________.
A．be greatly enhanced
B．be certainly reduced
C．still remain stable
D．be hard to predict
58、
“hardier crops”（Line 5，Para. 3）are most probably crops that __________.
A．need less water in summer
B．are more resistant to bugs
C．are strong enough to stand even big storms
D．keep growing regardless of global warming
59、
What is the result of “the nation’s fossil-fuel addiction” on both coasts?
A．Plants yield decreases due to shortened winter chill.
B．Plants yield without dormancy and flowering.
C．Crops require longer winter chill than before.
D．The yields are no longer influenced by the climate.
60、
According to the Waxman-Markey bill, the fanning industry __________.
A．should increase its consumption of CO2
B．should control its CO2emission within limits
C．is moving towards a CO2-free industry
D．is allowed to emit as much CO2 as it produces
61、
The author is most likely to agree that the farming industry __________.
A．consumes more CO2 than it emits
B．emits more CO2 than it consumes
C．produces many fossil fuels
D．consumes many fossil fuels
62、阅读下文，回答62-71题
Rising college selectivity doesn’t mean that students are smarter and more serious than in the past. It’s a function of excess demand for higher education，occurring at a time of increased financial privatization of the industry.
The recession has only increased demand. The vast majority of students aren't going to college because of a thirst for knowledge. They’re there because they need a job，and they need to get the credentials（证书）-and，one hopes，the knowledge and skills behind the credentials--that will get them into the labor market.
As higher education has become a seller’s market，the institutions in a position to do so are doing what comes naturally：raising their tuitions，and their admissions requirements，but at the expense of contributing to the national goal to increase college attainment. The result is that the United States is losing ground in the international race for educational talent.
The increasing stratification（阶层化）of higher education is happening on the spending side，as well. As the selective institutions have become more expensive and less attainable，the rest have had to struggle with the responsibility to enroll more students without being paid to do s0. Gaps between rich and poor have grown even more dramatically than gaps in entering test scores. While spending is a poor measure of educational quality，we can’t seriously expect to increase educational attainment if we're not prepared to do something to address these growing inequities in funding.
That said，the educational policy problem in our country is not that the elite institutions are becoming more selective. The problem is on the public pokey side. The president and many governors have set a goal to return America to a position of international leadership in educational attainment.
It’s the right goal，we just need a financing strategy to get there. That doesn’t mean just more money，although some more money will be needed. It also means better attention to effectiveness and to efficiency，and to making sure that spending goes to the places that will make a difference in educational attainment. We know how to do it，if we want to. ·
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
The demand for higher education has increased because __________.
A．the number of students keeps growing
B．there is a boost in the labor market
C．of the rising college selectivity
D．of the economic depression
63、 According to most students, what is the most essential condition that enables them to get into the labor market?
A．Diplomas.
B．Being employed.
C．Going to college.
D．Knowledge and skills.
64、 Since higher education has become a seller’s market，the national goal to increase college attainment __________. ‘’
A．will be fulfilled in a short time
B．will be difficult to achieve
C．will draw more public concern
D．will demand more financial input
65、 As it is mentioned in the 4th paragraph, gaps have grown dramatically between __________.
A．the talented students and the slow ones
B．the advanced countries and the others
C．the selective institutions and the rest
D．the rich families and the poor ones
66、 What does the author think should be modified so as to solve the educational policy problem?
A．The selectivity of elite institutions.
B．The industrialization of education.
C．The goal of education attainment.
D．The government’s funding strategy.
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